Question

jordain is walking across campus and hears a noise. when she looks up, she sees a runaway truck heading straight for her. immediately, the __________ in her nervous system sends a signal to the __________ in her endocrine system to release hormones and prepare her to move out of the truck’s way.

• amygdala; pineal gland
• hippocampus; pituitary gland
• hypothalamus; pineal gland
• amygdala; pituitary gland

question 2 (2.5 points)
while hiking in the mountains of alaska, pete encountered a giant grizzly bear. he immediately felt his heart rate increase, his breathing speed up, and his back begin to drip with sweat. these events were most likely due to the effects of the neurotransmitter called ____________ in his body.

• dopamine
• gaba
• epinephrine
• glutamate

Explanation:

Question 1

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Amygdala processes fear/emotional responses. Pineal gland (releases melatonin) isn't for immediate stress - related hormone release. Eliminate first option.
• Hippocampus is for memory, not immediate stress response. Pituitary gland is part of endocrine, but hippocampus is wrong here. Eliminate second option.
• Hypothalamus is involved in stress response, but pineal gland is not the right endocrine gland for immediate stress - related hormone release. Eliminate third option.
• Amygdala (nervous system, processes fear) sends signal to pituitary gland (endocrine system, releases stress - related hormones) to prepare for action. This matches the scenario.

• Dopamine is related to reward/motivation, not immediate stress - induced physiological changes. Eliminate.
• GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not for increasing heart rate/breathing. Eliminate.
• Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released in stress/fight - or - flight situations, causing increased heart rate, breathing, and sweating. This matches Pete's symptoms.
• Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter but not the main one for fight - or - flight responses. Eliminate.

Answer:

D. amygdala; pituitary gland

Question 2