Question

lichens are often the first species to colonize an environment during primary succession. in general, the first species to colonize an environment is called...
secondary succession
unwise
a first order consumer
primary succession
a pioneer species
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Explanation:

Primary succession describes the process of ecological colonization of a barren environment. The first species to establish in this environment are specifically termed pioneer species, which modify the habitat for later organisms. The other options are incorrect: secondary succession follows disturbance of an existing ecosystem, "unwise" is irrelevant, first-order consumers are herbivores, and primary succession is the process, not the species.

Answer:

a pioneer species