Question

1. lining up: in each of the two cells, the chromosomes line up at the center.
2. second division: the sister chromatids are pulled apart. each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome.
3. final result: the two cells divide, resulting in a total of four haploid (n) daughter cells. each of these four cells has just one copy of each chromosome and is genetically different from the others and from the original parent cell. these are the gametes ready for sexual reproduction. the \?\ circles in the diagram should each be filled with one of these final haploid cells.

read the passage on meiosis and answer the questions:

1. what is the difference between a diploid (2n) cell and a haploid (n) cell?
2. what separates meiosis i from meiosis ii?
3. why is the first meiotic division considered the

eductional\ division?

1. what is the final product of meiosis, and how does it compare to the starting cell?

Explanation:

1. A diploid (2n) cell has two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while a haploid (n) cell has only one set. This is fundamental in sexual - reproduction as gametes are haploid and combine to form a diploid zygote.
2. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids. Meiosis I results in two haploid cells with replicated chromosomes, and Meiosis II results in four haploid cells with non - replicated chromosomes.
3. The first meiotic division is considered "reductional" because it reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n). Homologous chromosomes pair up and then separate, halving the chromosome number.
4. The final product of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells. These cells are genetically different from the starting diploid cell due to crossing - over during Meiosis I and independent assortment of chromosomes. Each daughter cell has only one copy of each chromosome, while the starting cell was diploid with two copies of each chromosome.

Answer:

1. A diploid (2n) cell has two sets of chromosomes; a haploid (n) cell has one set.
2. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes; Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
3. It reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).
4. Four haploid daughter cells; they are genetically different and have half the chromosome number of the starting diploid cell.