Question

macromolecule review worksheet (unit 2 topic 3)
organic molecules have four common characteristics. first, they are all carbon - based, meaning they all contain carbon. they are formed from just a few elements which join together to form small molecules which join together, or bond, to form large molecules. the third characteristic of all organic molecules is that each is kind of organic molecule is built from a single type of building block. for example, the building block of carbohydrates is sugar, the building block of lipids is fatty acids, the building block of protein is amino acids, and the building block of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. when these building blocks are joined together, they form a large molecule (polymer), just as bricks joined together form a wall. for example, sugars join together form a carbohydrate.

1. all of the organic molecules are based on which element?
2. many times, the molecules join to form long chains with what kind of backbone?
3. what is the building block of each of the four classes of organic molecules?
4. what is a polymer?

the last common characteristic of all organic molecules is that their form determines their function. that means that their shape determines how they will behave and how they will react with other molecules. for example, the order of amino acids in a protein will determine the shape and function of the protein just as the order of words in a sentence shapes the meaning of the sentence.

1. what determines how organic molecules will look and behave?
2. what are the four common characteristics of all organic molecules?

carbohydrates
carbohydrates are the most common organic molecule because they make up the most plant matter. they are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. their building block a single sugar called a monosaccharide. sugars (monosaccharides) consist of carbon rings. when two monosaccharides, or sugars, combine, they form a disaccharide (di = two). when more than two monosaccharides join together, a polysaccharide (poly = many) is formed.

1. what are the elements contained in carbohydrates?
2. what is the building block of carbohydrates?
3. what is a monosaccharide?
4. what does a monosaccharide look like?
5. what is a disaccharide?
6. how does a polysaccharide differ from a disaccharide?

there are three classes of carbohydrate polysaccharides. the first is starch. starch is a carbohydrate used in food storage in plants. potatoes, pasta and rice are rich in starch. starches are very valuable because they provide a quick form of energy for the body. the second is glycogen. glycogen is used for food storage in animals. the third is cellulose. cellulose is used for structural support in plants (stems, leaves).

1. what are the three classes of carbohydrates?
2. which involves food storage in plants?
3. which involves food storage in animals?

lipids
lipids are the second class of organic macromolecules which includes fats and oils, and has the function of long - term storage of energy in the body. the building block of lipids is the fatty acid, which is a chain of carbons with hydrogen attached to each side. saturated fats have two carbons attached to each carbon (except the one at the end). saturated fats are unhealthy fats like butter and crisco. unsaturated fats are missing at least one hydrogen and are kinked in shape. the unsaturated fats are healthy, and include oils.

1. what is the building block of lipids?
2. name examples of lipids.
3. describe the structure of a fatty acid.

Explanation:

1. Organic molecules are carbon - based. They are formed from a few elements, have building blocks that form polymers, and their shape determines their function.
2. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Their building block is a monosaccharide. Different types include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides with various functions like energy storage and structural support.
3. Lipids have fatty acids as building blocks, include fats and oils, and are for long - term energy storage. Saturated and unsaturated fats have different structures and health implications.
4. Answer:

• 1. Carbon.
• 2. Carbon - based backbone.
• 3. Sugar for carbohydrates, fatty acid for lipids, amino acid for proteins, nucleotide for nucleic acids.
• 4. A large molecule made of repeating building blocks.
• 5. Their shape.
• 6. Carbon - based, formed from a few elements, have building blocks that form polymers, shape determines function.
• 7. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
• 8. Monosaccharide.
• 9. A single sugar.
• 10. A carbon - ring structure (example given is fructose).
• 11. Two monosaccharides joined together.
• 12. A polysaccharide is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together while a disaccharide is formed by two monosaccharides.
• 13. Starch, glycogen, cellulose.
• 14. Starch.
• 15. Glycogen.
• 16. Fatty acid.
• 17. Fats, oils.
• 18. A chain of carbons with hydrogen attached to each side (saturated fats have two hydrogens attached to each carbon except the end one; unsaturated fats are missing at least one hydrogen and are kinked in shape).

Answer:

1. Organic molecules are carbon - based. They are formed from a few elements, have building blocks that form polymers, and their shape determines their function.
2. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Their building block is a monosaccharide. Different types include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides with various functions like energy storage and structural support.
3. Lipids have fatty acids as building blocks, include fats and oils, and are for long - term energy storage. Saturated and unsaturated fats have different structures and health implications.
4. Answer:

• 1. Carbon.
• 2. Carbon - based backbone.
• 3. Sugar for carbohydrates, fatty acid for lipids, amino acid for proteins, nucleotide for nucleic acids.
• 4. A large molecule made of repeating building blocks.
• 5. Their shape.
• 6. Carbon - based, formed from a few elements, have building blocks that form polymers, shape determines function.
• 7. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
• 8. Monosaccharide.
• 9. A single sugar.
• 10. A carbon - ring structure (example given is fructose).
• 11. Two monosaccharides joined together.
• 12. A polysaccharide is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together while a disaccharide is formed by two monosaccharides.
• 13. Starch, glycogen, cellulose.
• 14. Starch.
• 15. Glycogen.
• 16. Fatty acid.
• 17. Fats, oils.
• 18. A chain of carbons with hydrogen attached to each side (saturated fats have two hydrogens attached to each carbon except the end one; unsaturated fats are missing at least one hydrogen and are kinked in shape).