Question

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model 2 - forelimb similarities
human
dog
bird
whale

1. label the bones in each animal forelimb in model 2.
2. list the variety of ways in which the organisms in the table use their forelimbs.
3. model 2 shows several homologous structures. these are limbs or body parts that are similar in structure due to shared ancestry, but that may be or may not be similar in function.

a. list two or more similarities in the bone structure of the four animals shown.

Explanation:

1. The bones in the image are already labeled with terms like Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges for each animal's fore - limb.
2. Humans use fore - limbs for grasping, manipulating objects, and fine motor tasks. Dogs use them for walking, running, and some grasping (e.g., holding toys). Birds use fore - limbs (wings) for flying and sometimes for balance or display. Whales use fore - limbs (flippers) for swimming and steering in water.
3. a. Similarities in bone structure: All have a single Humerus closest to the body. All have a pair of Radius and Ulna bones. Also, all have some form of carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges in their fore - limbs, although the number varies.

Answer:

1. Already labeled as shown in the image.
2. Humans: Grasping, manipulation; Dogs: Walking, running, some grasping; Birds: Flying, balance; Whales: Swimming, steering.
3. a. Single Humerus, pair of Radius and Ulna, presence of carpals - metacarpals - phalanges.