Question

1. the molecule of water is described as a polar molecule. polar molecules have an unequal sharing of electrons. explain how this unequal sharing is present by using our water molecule graphic below. 2. water is an excellent solvent. with water being a polar molecule, it can be an especially strong solvent for other polar molecules. give an example of how water acting as a solvent is important for living organisms. 3. the below picture shows water’s ability for adhesion and cohesion. define adhesion and cohesion and explain why they are important for the plant in the graphic below. 4. describe the property of water being shown below. how do water’s hydrogen bonds contribute to this property?

Explanation:

Step1: Explain unequal electron - sharing in water

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. In a water molecule ($H_2O$), oxygen attracts the shared electrons more strongly. This creates a partial negative charge ($\delta -$) on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges ($\delta +$) on the hydrogen atoms, leading to unequal sharing of electrons.

Step2: Give an example of water as a solvent for living organisms

In the human body, water dissolves nutrients like glucose and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions). These dissolved substances can then be transported in the bloodstream to cells for energy - production and maintaining proper cell function.

Step3: Define adhesion and cohesion

Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other polar substances. Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves, due to hydrogen bonding.

Step4: Explain importance for plants

In plants, adhesion helps water stick to the walls of xylem vessels. Cohesion allows water molecules to stick together in a long column. Together, they enable the upward movement of water from the roots to the leaves against gravity, which is essential for photosynthesis and overall plant survival.

Step5: Describe property and hydrogen - bond contribution

The property shown is surface tension. Water's hydrogen bonds create a strong intermolecular force at the surface. These hydrogen bonds hold the surface water molecules together, contributing to the high surface tension that allows insects like water striders to walk on water.

Answer:

1. Oxygen's high electronegativity causes unequal electron - sharing, creating partial charges.
2. Water dissolves nutrients for transport in organisms (e.g., glucose in human bloodstream).
3. Adhesion: Attraction to other polar substances; Cohesion: Attraction between water molecules. Important for upward water movement in plants.
4. Surface tension. Hydrogen bonds create strong intermolecular force at surface, enabling insects to walk on water.