Question

the movement of materials across a membrane without the use of cellular energy is referred to as (1 point)
a sodium/ potassium pump
chemiosmosis
active transport
diffusion

Explanation:

Diffusion is a passive - transport process where materials move across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without using cellular energy. A sodium/potassium pump uses energy to move ions against their concentration gradient. Chemiosmosis is related to the generation of ATP through an electrochemical gradient. Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Answer:

D. Diffusion