Question

multiple choice. 2 points each.

1. where are the parathyroid glands located?

a) within the pancreas
b) posterior surface of the thyroid gland
c) within the mediastinum
d) on top of the kidneys

1. which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

a) glucocorticoids
b) aldosterone
c) epinephrine (adrenaline)
d) cortisone

1. water - soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ______.

a) the second - messenger system
b) steroid hormone action
c) diffusion
d) direct gene activation
e) none of the above

1. which endocrine gland is known as the \master endocrine gland\ for its removal or destruction would have a dramatic effect on the body?

a) thyroid gland
b) pituitary gland
c) thymus
d) pineal gland

1. when blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ______ to decrease levels.

a) glucagon
b) growth hormone
c) epinephrine
d) insulin

Explanation:

1. Parathyroid glands are small glands attached to the back of the thyroid gland.
2. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine; the other options are from the adrenal cortex.
3. Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane, so they use second-messenger systems to act on target cells.
4. The pituitary gland regulates most other endocrine glands, earning it the "master endocrine gland" title.
5. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin to lower elevated blood glucose levels; glucagon raises blood glucose.

Answer:

1. b) Posterior surface of the thyroid gland
2. c) Epinephrine (adrenaline)
3. a) the second-messenger system
4. b) Pituitary gland
5. d) insulin