Question

1 multiple choice
where does jon krakauer begin the narrative of into thin air?
a. at base camp
b. on the summit of mount everest
c. in kathmandu
d. at camp four
2 short answer
what is \summit fever,\ and how does it affect climbers’ decision - making?
3 multiple choice
how does krakauer feel while standing on the summit?
a. joyful and proud
b. calm and confident
c. physically depleted and desperate to descend
d. excited by the view
4 short answer
why does rob hall refuse to abandon doug hansen during the descent?
5 multiple choice
which early sign suggests danger even before the storm fully develops?
a. falling ice
b. equipment failure
c. other teams turning back
d. clouds forming below the summit
6 short answer
describe one physical or mental effect of high altitude experienced by climbers.
7 multiple choice
jon krakauer is part of a commercial expedition led by
a. scott fischer
b. anatoli boukreev
c. neal beidleman
d. rob hall
8 short answer
why is the 1:00 p.m. turnaround time important for climber safety?

Explanation:

1. For the first multiple choice: Jon Krakauer opens Into Thin Air with the moment he is on the summit of Mount Everest, then flashes back to earlier events.
2. For the first short answer: "Summit fever" is an intense, irrational obsession with reaching a mountain's summit that overrides safety judgment. It makes climbers ignore danger signs, push past physical limits, and delay critical descents, impairing logical decision-making.
3. For the second multiple choice: Krakauer describes feeling completely physically drained on the summit, with an urgent need to descend rather than feeling triumphant.
4. For the second short answer: Rob Hall refuses to abandon Doug Hansen because he made a professional and personal commitment to get Hansen to the summit safely, and he felt responsible for Hansen's well-being as his expedition leader.
5. For the third multiple choice: Clouds forming below the summit is an early meteorological sign that a dangerous storm is developing on Everest.
6. For the third short answer: A common physical effect of high altitude is hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), which causes fatigue, dizziness, and impaired physical performance; a mental effect is impaired judgment, confusion, and slowed cognitive function.
7. For the fourth multiple choice: Jon Krakauer was part of Rob Hall's commercial expedition, Adventure Consultants, during the 1996 Everest disaster.
8. For the fourth short answer: The 1:00 p.m. turnaround time ensures climbers have enough daylight, energy, and oxygen to safely descend to lower camps before nightfall, when conditions become far more dangerous and deadly.

Answer:

1. B. On the summit of Mount Everest
2. "Summit fever" is an irrational, intense drive to reach a mountain summit, overriding safety concerns. It impairs climbers' decision-making by making them ignore physical limits, danger signs, and critical descent timelines to prioritize reaching the summit.
3. C. Physically depleted and desperate to descend
4. Rob Hall refuses to abandon Doug Hansen because he had a professional and personal commitment to ensure Hansen's safety, and he felt responsible for Hansen as the leader of the expedition who had helped Hansen train for the climb.
5. D. Clouds forming below the summit
6. One physical effect is hypoxia (low oxygen levels), which causes extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, and weakened muscle function. One mental effect is impaired cognitive function, leading to poor judgment, confusion, and slowed reaction times.
7. D. Rob Hall
8. The 1:00 p.m. turnaround time is critical because it guarantees climbers have sufficient daylight, remaining energy, and oxygen reserves to complete a safe descent to lower, more secure camps before night falls, when temperatures plummet, visibility drops, and the risk of fatal accidents or altitude sickness increases drastically.