Question

name: maybelen mora date: 09 - 25 - 25 period: 3

1. what type of molecule is insulin?
2. in type 1 diabetes, what cells are destroyed?
3. what happens to glucose in the blood of someone without insulin?
4. which of the following is a consequence of untreated type 1 diabetes?

a) low oxygen in blood b) glucose stays in blood
c) body stops making dna d) extra insulin is made

1. why must people with type 1 diabetes take insulin every day?
2. describe the normal role of insulin in maintaining homeostasis.
3. which type of feedback loop involves insulin and blood sugar?

a) positive b) negative c) neutral d) none

1. explain how type 1 diabetes breaks the insulin feedback loop.
2. why is insulin important for cell respiration?
3. how does type 1 diabetes show that body systems are interdependent?
4. which of the following processes is controlled by positive feedback?

a) heart rate control b) blood clotting c) blood sugar regulation d) temperature control

1. why is feedback important for survival? give two examples.

Explanation:

1. Insulin is a protein molecule. It is composed of amino - acids linked by peptide bonds.
2. In Type 1 Diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed. These cells are responsible for producing insulin.
3. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells properly and stays in the blood, leading to high blood - glucose levels.
4. The consequence of untreated Type 1 Diabetes is that glucose stays in the blood (b). Without insulin, cells cannot take up glucose for energy.
5. People with Type 1 Diabetes must take insulin every day because their pancreatic beta cells are destroyed and cannot produce insulin, which is essential for glucose uptake by cells.
6. Insulin maintains homeostasis by regulating blood - glucose levels. It signals cells to take up glucose from the blood when levels are high.
7. The feedback loop involving insulin and blood sugar is negative. When blood sugar is high, insulin is released to lower it.
8. In Type 1 Diabetes, the immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, preventing insulin production. Thus, the normal negative feedback loop that regulates blood sugar is broken as there is no insulin to signal cells to take up glucose.
9. Insulin is important for cell respiration as it helps glucose enter cells. Glucose is the main fuel for cell respiration to produce ATP.
10. Type 1 Diabetes shows body systems are interdependent because the endocrine system (lack of insulin production) affects the metabolic system (inability to process glucose).
11. Blood clotting is controlled by positive feedback (b). Once a blood vessel is damaged, a series of reactions are amplified to form a clot.
12. Feedback is important for survival as it helps maintain homeostasis. For example, in body temperature regulation, if the body is too hot, negative feedback mechanisms such as sweating are activated to cool it down. Another example is blood - pressure regulation, where negative feedback adjusts the heart rate and blood - vessel diameter to maintain normal blood pressure.

Answer:

1. Protein
2. Pancreatic beta cells
3. Glucose stays in the blood
4. b. Glucose stays in blood
5. Their pancreatic beta cells are destroyed and cannot produce insulin.
6. Regulates blood - glucose levels by signaling cells to take up glucose.
7. b. Negative
8. The immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, preventing insulin production and breaking the negative feedback loop.
9. Helps glucose enter cells for cell respiration to produce ATP.
10. The endocrine system (lack of insulin production) affects the metabolic system (inability to process glucose).
11. b. Blood clotting
12. Helps maintain homeostasis, e.g., body temperature and blood - pressure regulation.