Question

name: types of speciation directions: read each description, determine which type of selection is being described, and write t for temporal selection, g for geographic selection, or b for behavioral selection in the space provided. 1. it is difficult to distinguish between the eastern meadowlark and the western meadowlark. the whistle - like call of the eastern meadowlark can be easily distinguished from the flute - like call of its western cousin. this difference serves as a cue and prevents members of both populations from mating with each other. 2. two species of plants that do not cross - pollinate because they flower at different times of the year. one species of plant pollinates in march while the other pollinates in may. 3. the red - legged frog (rana draytonii) tends to breed in large ponds. the yellow - legged frog (rana boylii) breeds almost exclusively in fast - moving streams. 4. fireflies use bioluminescence to attract mates. males fly around, flashing their lights, to attract females to mate with them. the female fireflies wait in the leaves of plants, observing the males patterns of flashes. different species of fireflies differ in their flashing patterns, and females are not attracted to males that do not have the same flashing sequence as their own. 5. black birds and ring ouzel look nearly identical. the population of the blackbird, which is a woodland species, is ecologically isolated from that of the ring ouzel, a moorland - breeding species, as a result of which the chances of these species producing a hybrid is as good as none. 6. the red - legged frog (rana draytonii) breeding season lasts from november - late april. the yellow - legged frog (rana boylii) breeding season lasts from late april - june. 7. in australia, the crucifix toad (notaden bennettii) and desert tree frog (litoria rubella) are both found in desert environment with an overlapping geographic range. however, they are unlikely to end up mating, as the crucifix toad is a fossorial or ground - dwelling species, which only comes to the surface when it rains, while the desert tree frog is a species of tree frog, thus largely arboreal. 8. some insects attract their prospective mates by vibrating or rubbing their wings to create a unique song. besides, many insects rely on pheromones, which serve as chemical cues when it comes to courting rituals. 9. different broods of cicadas emerge from the ground after 17 years of hibernating. broods from different years speciate and cannot reproduce with other broods after long periods of time. 10. the green - toed frog has a specific high pitch mating call it uses to attract females. the blue - towed frog has a deeper pitch mating call. these two species share a common ancestor, but attract their mates using the different calls. 11. a certain bird population is found only at the tops of evergreen trees. another bird population is found on the ground beneath the evergreen trees. after many generations, these two - bird populations speciate and become different species. 12. golden wheat has a breeding season in april while maple wheat has a breeding season in late june. these two species of wheat speciated based on the time period when fertilization occurs. 13. birds use calls to attract mates and warn others of predators. blue birds attract their mates with a different call than crows. crows are not attracted to the blue bird call and vice versa. 14. there are many species of giraffes that live in africa. each species evolved from a common ancestor and has similarities in spot design. however, each species evolved in a different country within africa.

Explanation:

1. Behavioral selection (B) as the call - type is a behavioral cue preventing inter - population mating.
2. Temporal selection (T) since the plants flower at different times of the year.
3. Geographic selection (G) as the frogs breed in different habitats (ponds vs. streams).
4. Behavioral selection (B) because fireflies use specific flashing patterns (behavior) for mating.
5. Geographic selection (G) due to the different ecological habitats (woodland vs. moorland).
6. Temporal selection (T) as the frogs have different breeding seasons.
7. Geographic selection (G) as the toads and frogs have different living habits in the same geographic area (ground - dwelling vs. arboreal).
8. Behavioral selection (B) as insects use wing - vibrations and pheromones (behavioral and chemical cues) for courtship.
9. Temporal selection (T) because different broods of cicadas emerge at different times.
10. Behavioral selection (B) as the frogs use different mating calls (behavior) to attract mates.
11. Geographic selection (G) as the bird populations are in different locations (tree - tops vs. ground).
12. Temporal selection (T) as the wheat species have different breeding seasons.
13. Behavioral selection (B) as birds use different calls (behavior) for mating.
14. Geographic selection (G) as the giraffe species evolved in different countries in Africa.

Answer:

1. B
2. T
3. G
4. B
5. G
6. T
7. G
8. B
9. T
10. B
11. G
12. T
13. B
14. G