Question

name: yaria tilton date: 9/18/95 review guide - tissues 1. list the four types of tissues and describe their general function / location. 2. identify the types of epithelial tissues from pictures using the naming conventions (simple, stratified, cuboidal, squamous, columnar) 3. know the general locations of epithelial tissue (stratified squamous, transitional, simple squamous, stratified columnar) 4. compare the appearance and function of cilia and microvilli. 5. define and locate the basement membrane on a picture. 6. describe the matrix. (see connective tissue coloring). know what each part of the matrix does and what it looks like. - macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, elastic fibers, collagen fibers, ground substance). be able to label a picture of the matrix. 7. compare loose connective tissue to dense connective tissue. where is each found? 8. describe adipose tissue. 9. compare the main types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. know where each is located within the body. 10. list the three types of muscle tissue and know where they are found. which ones are voluntary and which ones are involuntary? 11. what is the main cell of the nervous tissue? what is a support cell found within nervous tissue? 12. describe the properties of skin, focusing on the biology of skin color and the cells that contain pigment (melanocytes). discuss how skin color provides evidence of evolution in humans. see hhmi: the biology of skin color 13. what is epidermolysis bullosa - be able to describe the disease, its causes, and its relationship to the epidermal and connective tissues. tissue reinforcement - identify the type of epithelial tissue. the letter “a” is the same title for each model. what is the letter a pointed to?

Explanation:

1. The four types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial covers body surfaces and lines cavities. Connective supports and binds other tissues. Muscle enables movement. Nervous transmits electrical signals.
2. Epithelial tissues are named based on cell - layer number (simple/stratified) and cell shape (cuboidal, squamous, columnar). For example, simple squamous has a single layer of flat cells.
3. Stratified squamous is in skin, simple squamous in lungs and blood vessels, transitional in urinary bladder, and stratified columnar in parts of male urethra.
4. Cilia are hair - like and move substances across cell surface, while microvilli are finger - like and increase surface area for absorption.
5. The basement membrane is a thin, non - cellular layer that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.
6. The matrix in connective tissue has cells like macrophages (phagocytic), mast cells (release histamine), fibroblasts (produce fibers), and fibers like elastic and collagen, along with ground substance (amorphous material).
7. Loose connective tissue has more ground substance and fewer fibers, found in areas like beneath epithelia. Dense connective tissue has more fibers, found in tendons and ligaments.
8. Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue that stores fat.
9. Hyaline cartilage is smooth and found in nose and trachea. Elastic cartilage is more flexible and in the ear. Fibrocartilage is tough and in intervertebral discs.
10. The three muscle tissues are skeletal (voluntary, attached to bones), smooth (involuntary, in organs like stomach), and cardiac (involuntary, in heart).
11. The main cell in nervous tissue is the neuron. Support cells include neuroglia like astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
12. Skin color is due to melanin produced by melanocytes. Different skin colors are an evolutionary adaptation to UV radiation levels.
13. Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetic disorders where skin blisters easily due to defects in proteins that attach epidermis to connective tissue.

Answer:

1. Epithelial: Covers surfaces, lines cavities; Connective: Supports and binds; Muscle: Enables movement; Nervous: Transmits signals.
2. Epithelial tissues are named by layer number and cell shape.
3. Stratified squamous in skin etc., simple squamous in lungs etc., transitional in bladder, stratified columnar in male urethra parts.
4. Cilia are hair - like for movement, microvilli are finger - like for absorption.
5. Anchors epithelial to connective tissue.
6. Matrix has cells and fibers with various functions.
7. Loose in areas like beneath epithelia, dense in tendons/ligaments.
8. Stores fat, a type of loose connective tissue.
9. Hyaline in nose/trachea, elastic in ear, fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs.
10. Skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (involuntary).
11. Neuron is main cell, neuroglia are support cells.
12. Skin color due to melanin, evolutionary adaptation to UV.
13. Genetic disorder with skin blistering due to epidermal - connective tissue attachment defects.