Question

part 4: comparing bacterial, animal & plant cells

1. what two structures are present in an animal cell, but not in a plant cell?
2. why are chloroplasts present in plant cells but not in animal cells?
3. why are flagella present in bacteria cells but not in plant or animal cells?
4. identify three structures that are present in bacteria, plant and animal cells.
5. what two structures inside plant and animal cells most closely resemble bacteria?

Explanation:

1. Centrioles and lysosomes are typically present in animal cells but not in plant cells. Centrioles aid in cell - division and lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
2. Chloroplasts are present in plant cells for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Animals obtain energy by consuming other organisms, so they do not need chloroplasts.
3. Flagella in bacteria are used for locomotion. Plant and animal cells have different ways of movement and do not require flagella. Plant cells are stationary due to their cell walls, and animal cells move through other mechanisms like cytoskeletal elements.
4. Cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm are present in bacteria, plant, and animal cells. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and cytoplasm is the jelly - like substance that fills the cell and contains organelles.
5. Mitochondria and chloroplasts (in plant cells) are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria. They have their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Answer:

1. Centrioles, lysosomes
2. Plants perform photosynthesis; animals consume other organisms for energy.
3. Bacteria use flagella for locomotion; plants and animals have different movement mechanisms.
4. Cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
5. Mitochondria, chloroplasts (in plant cells)