Question

part i: vocabulary matching
match the terms on the left to the correct definitions.

1. protein
2. gene
3. dna
4. rna
5. nitrogen base

a. part of a chromosome that is passed from parent to offspring
b. a molecule that makes up a component of a ribosome
c. a biomolecule that is made of one or more amino acids and that performs a specific function
d. a nucleotide polymer that uses deoxyribose sugar
e. guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, or thymine
part ii: identification
use the words provided to fill in the blanks.
homoz ygous heterozygous nucleotide transcription guanine protein synthesis translation adenine

1. __________ is a process of forming proteins based on a sequence of dna. the first step of the process in which dna is copied into rna is called ________. __________, the second step, is the process of combining amino acids to form proteins.
2. individuals with two identical alleles are __________. individuals with two different alleles of a gene are __________.
3. __________ is the nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine. __________ is the nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine.
4. a ____________ is a molecule made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

Explanation:

1. Proteins are biomolecules made of amino - acids with specific functions. Genes are parts of chromosomes passed from parents to offspring. DNA is a nucleotide polymer with deoxyribose sugar. RNA is related to ribosome components. Nitrogen bases include guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, or thymine.
2. Protein synthesis is the process of forming proteins from DNA. Transcription is the first step where DNA is copied into RNA, and translation is the second step of amino - acid combination for protein formation. Homozygous individuals have identical alleles, while heterozygous have different alleles. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine in DNA. A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

Answer:

Part I:

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. E

Part II:

1. Protein synthesis; Transcription; Translation
2. Homozygous; Heterozygous
3. Adenine; Guanine
4. Nucleotide