Question

probability
real - world connection

• is the
• is based on
• can be calculated

punnett squares

• can be used to show possible combinations of
• are used to predict the

of a trait occurring in offspring
fill in the boxes with fractions to show the probability.
the
trait of an organism that masks the recessive trait
the
trait of an organism that is masked by the
dominant trait

Explanation:

1. For the Probability section: Probability is defined as the likelihood an event occurs, based on data/observations, and calculated via ratios of favorable to total outcomes.
2. For Punnett Squares: These genetic tools display allele combinations from parents to predict trait probabilities in offspring. The Punnett square here uses a cross of Tt x TT, so each box has a $\frac{1}{4}$ probability, and the Tt genotype has a $\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}$ total probability.
3. For trait definitions: Dominant traits mask recessive ones, while recessive traits are masked when a dominant allele is present.

Answer:

Probability

• Is the likelihood a particular event will occur
• Is based on data/observed outcomes
• Can be calculated as $\frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of possible outcomes}}$

Punnett Squares

• Can be used to show possible combinations of parental alleles
• Are used to predict the probability of a trait occurring in offspring
• Punnett square fractions:
• Top parent box: $\frac{1}{2}$ (for each T allele)
• Left parent box: $\frac{1}{2}$ (for T allele), $\frac{1}{2}$ (for t allele)
• Inner top-left (Tt) box: $\frac{1}{4}$

Trait Definitions

• Phenotype/Genotype: The dominant trait of an organism that masks the recessive trait
• Phenotype/Genotype: The recessive trait of an organism that is masked by the dominant trait