Question

question 4 (10 points)
listen
the greatest external threat to china between the han and song dynasties was
european explorers who arrived on the shores of china with gunboats and imposed unequal treaties on the chinese government.
japanese pirates that raided the coast of japan and sailed inland to plunder chinese towns and cities.
burmese warlords who repeatedly made incursions into southeast china.
nomadic pastoralists living on the steppe lands to the north of china.

Explanation:

Between the Han and Song dynasties in Chinese history, the northern nomadic pastoralists were a constant threat. European explorers with gun - boats and unequal treaties came much later. Japanese pirates mainly raided the Chinese coast during the Ming dynasty. Burmese warlords' incursions were not the most significant threat during this long period compared to the northern nomads.

Answer:

nomadic pastoralists living on the steppe lands to the north of China.