Question

question 1 (1 point)
what are two developments that existed in africa before the 15th century,
according to the article?
large stone - built cities and organized states with formal systems of governance
temporary settlements and political systems borrowed from european nations
a lack of permanent architecture and no centralized political authority
small nomadic groups with no cities or state formation
question 2 (1 point)
what encouraged early european settlers to explore west africa?
the belief that west africa was uninhabited and needed european settlement
an effort to bring political organization and economic systems to african
societies
the desire to access african gold, trade goods, and established trade routes
without relying on middle eastern intermediaries
the lack of african trade networks, which forced europeans to build new ones

Explanation:

For Question 1: Pre-15th century Africa had advanced urban centers (like Great Zimbabwe) and centralized states with formal governance, which matches the first option. The other options are incorrect: European influence didn't exist pre-15th century, and Africa had permanent architecture and centralized authority, not just nomadic groups.
For Question 2: Early European exploration of West Africa was driven by economic motives—accessing gold, valuable trade goods, and bypassing Middle Eastern trade middlemen, which is the third option. The other options are wrong: West Africa was inhabited, Europeans did not explore to "bring" systems, and African trade networks already existed.

Answer:

Question 1: Large stone-built cities and organized states with formal systems of governance
Question 2: The desire to access African gold, trade goods, and established trade routes without relying on Middle Eastern intermediaries