read the notes on blood composition, then answer the questions below in complete short answers. write clearly and use scientific terms where appropriate. directions: answer each question in 1–3 sentences. 1. what is blood plasma? include a brief definition. 2. name three types of dissolved substances commonly found in blood plasma. 3. about how many liters of blood does an average person have? give the range and one way this amount can vary between people. 4. what are the \formed elements\ of blood? list the main categories. 5. what is another name for red blood cells and what is their primary function? 6. distinguish between granular and nongranular leukocytes by giving one example of each. 7. give the typical range for the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood. write the range using the units given in the notes. 8. how many platelets are usually found per cubic millimeter of blood according to the notes? 9. where are most blood cells formed? name the tissue and at least one lymphatic organ that forms some lymphocytes or monocytes. 10. explain why plasma is important for transporting materials in the body. give one specific example of a material it carries.

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Blood plasma is the liquid, cell - free component of blood. It is a yellowish fluid that makes up about 55% of blood volume and serves as a medium for transporting various substances.
# Answer:
Blood plasma is the liquid, cell - free part of blood (about 55% of blood volume), a yellowish fluid that transports substances.

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Blood plasma contains many dissolved substances. Nutrients like glucose, which provides energy to cells, salts (electrolytes) such as sodium and potassium that help in maintaining osmotic balance and nerve function, and hormones like insulin that regulate various physiological processes are commonly found.
# Answer:
Three dissolved substances in blood plasma are glucose (nutrient), sodium (salt/electrolyte), and insulin (hormone).

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
An average person has about 4 to 6 liters of blood. The amount can vary based on body size; for example, a larger - bodied person generally has more blood than a smaller - bodied one.
# Answer:
An average person has 4–6 liters of blood. It varies by body size (e.g., larger people have more).

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The “formed elements” of blood are the cellular components. The main categories are red blood cells (erythrocytes) which carry oxygen, white blood cells (leukocytes) which defend against infection, and platelets (thrombocytes) which help in blood clotting.
# Answer:
Formed elements of blood are its cellular parts: red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes. Their primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and to carry carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.
# Answer:
Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes. Their primary function is to transport oxygen (and carbon dioxide) between lungs and tissues.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Granular leukocytes have visible granules in their cytoplasm. An example is neutrophils, which are phagocytic and help fight bacterial infections. Nongranular leukocytes lack visible granules. An example is lymphocytes, which play a role in immune responses like producing antibodies (in B - lymphocytes) or directly attacking infected cells (in T - lymphocytes).
# Answer:
Granular leukocytes (e.g., neutrophils) have cytoplasmic granules; nongranular leukocytes (e.g., lymphocytes) lack them.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The typical range for the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood is 5,000 to 10,000. This range can vary slightly depending on factors like the body's immune status (e.g., during an infection, the count may increase).
# Answer:
The typical range of white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood is 5,000–10,000.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Typically, there are about 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood. Platelets are important for blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding.
# Answer:
There are usually 150,000–450,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Most blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow, which is a soft, spongy tissue inside bones. Lymphocytes or monocytes can also be formed in lymphatic organs like the lymph nodes, where immune responses are coordinated and some white blood cells mature or are activated.
# Answer:
Most blood cells are formed in red bone marrow. Lymph nodes (a lymphatic organ) form some lymphocytes/monocytes.

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Plasma is important for transporting materials as it is a liquid medium. For example, it carries carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs for exhalation. The liquid nature of plasma allows it to flow through blood vessels and deliver or remove substances from cells.
# Answer:
Plasma is important for transport as it's a liquid medium; e.g., it carries carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.

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