Question

red - billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infect impala. this is an example of
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism

Explanation:

To determine the relationship between red - billed oxpeckers and impalas:

• Predation: One organism kills and eats another. Oxpeckers don't kill impalas, so this is not predation.
• Commensalism: One organism benefits, the other is unaffected. Oxpeckers get food (parasites), and impalas get rid of parasites (benefit), so not commensalism.
• Mutualism: Both organisms benefit. Oxpeckers get food from the parasites on impalas, and impalas benefit from having parasites removed. This fits mutualism.
• Parasitism: One organism benefits at the expense of the other (the host is harmed). Impalas are not harmed; they benefit from parasite removal, so not parasitism.

Answer:

mutualism