Question

1. scientific investigations

the independent variable is what the scientist ______________.
the dependent variable is what is ______________.

Explanation:

In scientific investigations (a key concept in Natural Science, especially in experimental design), the independent variable is the factor that the scientist manipulates or changes (to see its effect on another variable). The dependent variable is what is measured or observed (it depends on the independent variable's changes). This is a fundamental concept in experimental methodology across natural science subfields like Biology, Physics, Chemistry, etc., where experiments are designed to test cause - effect relationships.

Answer:

The independent variable is what the scientist \underline{manipulates (or changes)}.
The dependent variable is what is \underline{measured (or observed)}.