Question

section 1
vocabulary review
choose the correct italicized term to complete each sentence.

1. an area of forest that experiences very little change in species composition is a climax community/primary succession.
2. the amount of oxygen in a fish tank is a tolerance zone/limiting factor that affects the number of fish that can live in the tank.
3. ecological succession/secondary succession describes the events that take place on a hillside that has experienced a destructive mudslide.

understand main ideas

1. lack of iron in the photic zone of the open ocean restricts the size of plankton populations. iron is what kind of factor for marine plankton?

a. distribution
b. tolerance
c. limiting
d. biotic
for questions 5 - 7, use the generalized graph below that describes an organisms tolerance to a particular factor.
graph showing range of tolerance with points a, b, c, d

1. according to the graph, which letter represents the zone of intolerance for the factor in question?

a. a
b. b
c. c
d. d

1. what does the letter “d” represent in the graph?

a. zone of intolerance
b. zone of physiological stress
c. optimum range
d. upper limit

1. which letter in the graph represents the zone of physiological stress?

a. a
b. b
c. c
d. d

1. which place would you most likely find pioneer species growing?

a. climax forest
b. coral reef
c. disturbed grassland
d. newly formed volcano
constructed response

1. careers in biology a state park and wildlife department stocks several bodies of water, including rivers and lakes, with rainbow trout. the trout survive but do not reproduce. in terms of tolerance, discuss what might be happening.

use the image below to answer question 10.
image of a forest

1. short answer describe how the successional stages would differ from primary succession.
2. main idea explain why the concepts of limiting factors and tolerance are important in ecology.
3. theme focus determine whether species diversity increases or decreases after a fire on a grassland. explain your response.
4. generalize the difference between a successional stage and a climax community.

section 2
vocabulary review
choose the vocabulary term from the study guide page that best fits each definition below.

1. the condition of the atmosphere
2. the average conditions in an area
3. a biome characterized by evaporation exceeding precipitation

Explanation:

1. A climax community is a stable, self - perpetuating ecological community that has reached a steady state through succession. So, the area of forest with little change in species composition is a climax community.
2. The amount of oxygen in a fish tank is a limiting factor as it restricts the number of fish that can survive in the tank.
3. A hillside that has experienced a destructive mudslide undergoes secondary succession as there is pre - existing soil and some remnants of life.
4. Iron is a limiting factor for marine plankton as its lack restricts the size of plankton populations.
5. The zone of intolerance is represented by the areas outside the range of tolerance. In the graph, B represents the zone of intolerance.
6. D in the graph represents the upper limit of the range of tolerance.
7. C in the graph represents the zone of physiological stress.
8. Pioneer species are most likely to be found in a newly formed volcano as it is a primary succession site with no pre - existing soil or life.
9. If trout survive but do not reproduce, it could be that the water bodies have conditions that are within the trout's tolerance for survival but outside the range for successful reproduction, such as water temperature, oxygen levels, or presence of pollutants.
10. In secondary succession, there is pre - existing soil and remnants of life, so the succession starts with species that can quickly colonize these conditions. In primary succession, there is no soil, and the process starts with the formation of soil through the action of pioneer species like lichens and mosses.
11. Limiting factors determine the carrying capacity of an environment and thus limit the size and distribution of populations. Tolerance determines the range of environmental conditions under which an organism can survive, grow, and reproduce, which is crucial for understanding species distribution and community structure.
12. After a fire on a grassland, species diversity may initially decrease as many organisms are killed. However, over time, it can increase as pioneer species colonize the area, followed by a succession of other species, leading to a more diverse community.
13. A successional stage is a temporary stage in the process of ecological succession, while a climax community is a stable, long - lasting community that has reached a state of equilibrium with the environment.

14 - 16: Without the list from the Study Guide, we can't provide specific answers, but generally, the condition of the atmosphere is related to weather, the average conditions in an area is climate, and a biome with evaporation exceeding precipitation is a desert.

Answer:

1. climax community
2. limiting factor
3. secondary succession
4. C. limiting
5. B. B
6. D. upper limit
7. C. C
8. D. newly formed volcano
9. The water conditions are within survival tolerance but outside reproductive tolerance for trout.
10. Secondary succession has pre - existing soil and life remnants; primary succession starts from scratch with soil formation by pioneer species.
11. Limiting factors set population limits; tolerance defines species' environmental range for survival and reproduction.
12. Initially decreases as organisms die, then may increase as succession occurs.
13. Successional stage is temporary; climax community is stable and long - lasting.
14. (No answer without Study Guide list)
15. (No answer without Study Guide list)
16. (No answer without Study Guide list)