Question

source source 11 based on both source 1 and source 2, which of the following best summarizes how the two texts present different perspectives on why europeans, rather than any other society, came to dominate the globe? note: jared diamond is a scientist, historian, and author. one of his best known works is the book guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies, published in 1997, which seeks to explain why europeans dominated other groups, like native americans, australians, and africans. in the excerpts below, he summarizes some of the arguments from the book. directions: read source 1 and 2 below and answer questions 11 - 12 microbiology played a specific role in the european expansion. one means by which europeans were able to spread at the expense of other peoples was by infecting them (usually unintentionally) with epidemic infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles. to which europeans had evolved some genetic resistance and had acquired much immune (antibody - based) resistance through historical and lifetime exposure, while unexposed non - european peoples had no such exposure hence no such resistance source 1 emphasizes environmental and biological factors, while source 2 focuses on europes political fragmentation and intense military competition as drivers of technological innovation. source 1 argues that european conquest was primarily a result of superior weapons, while source 2 claims it was due to cultural superiority source 1 emphasizes epidemics as the primary cause of european dominance, while source 2 attributes european dominance to early access to overseas trade routes source 1 focuses on religion and ideology as key motivations for conquest, while source 2 emphasizes military training and the advancement of new weapons technology

Explanation:

Source 1 by Jared Diamond is known for emphasizing environmental and biological factors in explaining European dominance, such as the role of diseases. Source 2 focuses on political - fragmentation and military - competition as drivers of innovation. Option A correctly summarizes these different perspectives. Option B misrepresents the arguments as Source 1 doesn't focus on superior weapons as the main cause and Source 2 doesn't claim cultural superiority. Option C is wrong as Source 1 doesn't emphasize epidemics as the primary cause and Source 2 doesn't attribute dominance to early access to trade routes. Option D is incorrect as Source 1 doesn't focus on religion and ideology as key motivations.

Answer:

A. Source 1 emphasizes environmental and biological factors, while Source 2 focuses on Europe's political fragmentation and intense military competition as drivers of technological innovation.