standard: sev1. obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter within an ecosystem.
learning target(s):
i can distinguish between living and nonliving things based on the characteristics of life
i can compare and contrast living and nonliving things
i can use a cer model to justify decisions about various objects/organisms

section a: read each passage in the reading guide and answer the questions below.

1. the scientific term for a living thing is a:

2. all living things are:

3. what is the simplest level at which life may exist?

4. are all cells alike?

5. all cells perform various jobs or

6. what surrounds a cell and separates it from its environment?

7. what is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

8. give an example of a multicellular organism and an example of a unicellular organism.

9. multicellular organisms can be organized into what other levels?

10. which of the following is made of cells? (circle all that apply) place a box around the ones that only show cell walls.
cork sponge wood plastic tree

11. define reproduction.

12. must every member of a particular species (one kind of organism) be able to reproduce in order for the species to survive? explain why or why not.

Question

standard: sev1. obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter within an ecosystem.
learning target(s):
i can distinguish between living and nonliving things based on the characteristics of life
i can compare and contrast living and nonliving things
i can use a cer model to justify decisions about various objects/organisms

section a: read each passage in the reading guide and answer the questions below.

1. the scientific term for a living thing is a:

2. all living things are:

3. what is the simplest level at which life may exist?

4. are all cells alike?

5. all cells perform various jobs or

6. what surrounds a cell and separates it from its environment?

7. what is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

8. give an example of a multicellular organism and an example of a unicellular organism.

9. multicellular organisms can be organized into what other levels?

10. which of the following is made of cells? (circle all that apply) place a box around the ones that only show cell walls.
cork  sponge  wood  plastic  tree

11. define reproduction.

12. must every member of a particular species (one kind of organism) be able to reproduce in order for the species to survive? explain why or why not.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The scientific term for a living thing is an "organism". This is a fundamental term in biology referring to any individual living entity.
# Answer:
organism

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
All living things are made up of cells (unicellular or multicellular), have the ability to grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, obtain and use energy, and are based on a universal genetic code (DNA or RNA in most cases). A concise way to state a key characteristic is that all living things are "organisms" (or more specifically, made of cells, but the broad term for a living thing is organism; if focusing on cellularity, "composed of one or more cells").
# Answer:
composed of one or more cells (or "organisms" as the living thing term)

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The cell is the simplest level at which life may exist. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. Unicellular organisms are made of a single cell, and even in multicellular organisms, life processes start and are carried out at the cellular level.
# Answer:
cell

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
No, all cells are not alike. There are prokaryotic (e.g., bacteria) and eukaryotic (e.g., plant, animal, fungal) cells with differences in structure (like presence/absence of a nucleus, organelles). Even within a multicellular organism, different cell types (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells) have different structures and functions to perform specialized tasks.
# Answer:
No

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
All cells perform various jobs or "functions". Cells have specific roles like energy production (mitochondria in eukaryotes), protein synthesis (ribosomes), waste removal, and supporting the overall life processes of the organism (or for unicellular organisms, all life functions within one cell).
# Answer:
functions

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) surrounds a cell and separates it from its environment. It is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment. In plant cells, there is also a cell wall outside the membrane, but the membrane is the primary structure for separation and regulation.
# Answer:
cell membrane (plasma membrane)

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Unicellular organisms are composed of a single cell that carries out all life functions (e.g., bacteria, amoeba). Multicellular organisms are made of multiple cells that are specialized and work together; different cells have different functions, and the cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems (e.g., plants, animals). The key difference is the number of cells and the level of specialization/organization.
# Answer:
Unicellular organisms are made of one cell (that performs all life functions), while multicellular organisms are made of many specialized cells that work together.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Example of a multicellular organism: A dog (animal) or a tree (plant). Example of a unicellular organism: Bacteria (e.g., *E. coli*) or Amoeba (e.g., *Amoeba proteus*).
# Answer:
Multicellular: Dog; Unicellular: Bacteria (or Amoeba)

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Multicellular organisms can be organized into levels beyond the cellular level: Cells → Tissues (groups of similar cells with a common function) → Organs (groups of tissues working together) → Organ Systems (groups of organs working together) → Organism. For plants, the levels are cells → tissues → organs (like roots, stems, leaves) → organism (since they lack a traditional organ system level in the same way as animals but have organ-level organization).
# Answer:
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems (→ Organism) (for animals); Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organism (for plants)

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
- Made of cells: Cork (plant tissue, dead cells but once had cells), Sponge (animal, multicellular), Wood (plant tissue, dead cells from a tree), Tree (plant, multicellular). Plastic is non - living, not made of cells.
- Show cell walls: Cork (plant cells have cell walls), Wood (plant cells have cell walls), Tree (plant cells have cell walls). Sponge cells do not have cell walls (animal cells lack cell walls).

So, circle: Cork, Sponge, Wood, Tree. Box around: Cork, Wood, Tree.
# Answer:
Circled: Cork, Sponge, Wood, Tree; Boxed: Cork, Wood, Tree

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals (offspring) of their own kind. It can be asexual (one parent, offspring genetically identical, e.g., binary fission in bacteria) or sexual (two parents, offspring with genetic variation, e.g., human reproduction). The purpose is to ensure the continuation of the species.
# Answer:
The process by which living organisms produce new individuals (offspring) of their species, either asexually (one parent) or sexually (two parents), to ensure the species' continuation.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
No, every member of a species does not need to reproduce for the species to survive. Species survival depends on the population as a whole reproducing. For example, in a population, some individuals may be too young, too old, or unable to reproduce (due to injury, disease, or genetic factors), but as long as there are enough reproductively capable individuals producing offspring, the species can survive. The species' survival is about the population's ability to reproduce over time, not every single individual.
# Answer:
No. A species can survive if enough members (not every single one) can reproduce. Some individuals may be unable to reproduce (e.g., due to age, injury, or genetics), but as long as there are reproductively capable individuals producing offspring, the species continues.

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