Question

in terms of governance, how did mustafa kemal differ from abd al - aziz ibn saud?
○ kemal made turkey a more traditional nation, while ibn saud modernized saudi arabia.
○ kemal modernized turkey, while ibn saud made saudi arabia a more traditional nation.
○ kemal maintained islamic law in turkey, while ibn saud created a hereditary monarchy in saudi arabia.
○ kemal created a hereditary monarchy in turkey, while ibn saud maintained islamic law in saudi arabia.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Kemal modernized Turkey (not made it traditional), so this is wrong.
• Option 2: Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) modernized Turkey (secular, Western - style reforms), while Abd al - Aziz Ibn Saud established Saudi Arabia with a traditional, Islamic - based governance. This matches historical facts.
• Option 3: Kemal secularized Turkey and reduced Islamic law's role, so this is wrong.
• Option 4: Kemal established a republic, not a hereditary monarchy, so this is wrong.

Answer:

B. Kemal modernized Turkey, while Ibn Saud made Saudi Arabia a more traditional nation.