Question

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gene expression: a recap of protein synthesis
to understand the regulation of gene expression, you need to have a firm grasp of the process of protein synthesis - lets recap this quickly first.

1. label the diagram below to summarize eukaryotic protein synthesis.
2. which enzyme is used to break hydrogen bonds between dna bases and synthesize mrna?

type here

1. what is the name of the region of dna that the enzyme above can bind to?

circle the correct answer:
promoter attacher sequencer

1. what are the two stages of protein synthesis & where do they occur?

stage 1 → stage 2
location location

Explanation:

1. For the eukaryotic protein synthesis diagram: The top box (DNA in nucleus) is Transcription (DNA → mRNA), the left box (strand leaving nucleus) is mRNA transcript, the bottom box (assembling chain) is Translation (mRNA → protein).
2. The enzyme that breaks DNA hydrogen bonds and synthesizes mRNA is RNA polymerase.
3. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA.
4. Protein synthesis has two core stages with specific locations in eukaryotes.

Answer:

1. Top box: Transcription (DNA → mRNA)

Left box: mRNA transcript
Bottom box: Translation (mRNA → protein)

1. RNA polymerase
2. Promoter
3. Stage 1: Transcription; Location: Nucleus

Stage 2: Translation; Location: Cytoplasm (at ribosomes)