ultiple choice. choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) a burn affecting only the epidermis is a ______
a) full - thickness burn. b) second - degree burn. c) third - degree burn. d) first - degree burn.
2) eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands ______
a) in their location.
b) in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
c) in type of secretion.
d) all of the answer choices are correct
3) the subcutaneous layer consists of ______
a) epithelial tissue. b) areolar and adipose tissue.
c) epithelial tissue and areolar tissue. d) adipose tissue and smooth muscle tissue.
4) apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the ______
a) forehead. b) palms of the hands. c) back. d) axilla.
5) eccrine sweat glands ______
a) respond primarily to emotional stress. b) are most common in the scalp and groin
c) usually are associated with hair follicles. d) respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
6) sebaceous glands secrete ______
a) mucus. b) hormones.
c) fat globules that mix with cellular debris. d) sweat in the armpits.
7) elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because ______
a) they sweat excessively. b) the number of sweat glands diminishes.
c) their sebaceous glands become overactive. d) the skin becomes too oily.
8) in areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ______ is absent.
a) stratum basale b) stratum granulosum
c) stratum lucidum d) stratum corneum
9) as cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, ______
a) they become dermal cells. b) their supply of nutrients improves.
c) they die. d) they divide continually.
10) the layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the ______
a) stratum granulosum. b) stratum corneum.
c) stratum spinosum. d) stratum basale.
11) extra credit:
which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
a) transportation b) protection c) elimination d) regulation

Question

Accepted Answer

### 1)
# Brief Explanations:
First - degree burns only affect the epidermis. Full - thickness (third - degree) burns affect all skin layers, second - degree burns affect the epidermis and part of the dermis. So the correct answer is D.
# Answer:
D) first - degree burn

### 2)
# Brief Explanations:
Eccrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands differ in location (eccrine are more widespread, sebaceous are associated with hair follicles in many cases), association with hair follicles (eccrine not associated, sebaceous are), and type of secretion (eccrine secrete sweat, sebaceous secrete sebum). So all choices are correct, answer is D.
# Answer:
D) all of the answer choices are correct

### 3)
# Brief Explanations:
The subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) consists of areolar and adipose tissue. Epithelial tissue is part of the epidermis and dermis, not the subcutaneous layer. So the correct answer is B. (Note: There seems to be a marking error in the original, the correct answer should be B)
# Answer:
B) areolar and adipose tissue

### 4)
# Brief Explanations:
Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the axilla (armpit), groin, and around the nipples. They are not abundant on the forehead, palms, or back (eccrine are more on those areas). So answer is D.
# Answer:
D) axilla

### 5)
# Brief Explanations:
Eccrine sweat glands respond primarily to elevated body temperature (for thermoregulation). Apocrine respond to emotional stress, eccrine are not associated with hair follicles (apocrine are in some cases), and eccrine are common all over the body except for areas like the scalp and groin (where apocrine are more common). So answer is D. (Note: There seems to be a marking error in the original, the correct answer should be D)
# Answer:
D) respond primarily to elevated body temperature

### 6)
# Brief Explanations:
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which is a mixture of fat globules and cellular debris. Mucus is secreted by mucous glands, hormones by endocrine glands, and sweat in armpits is from apocrine/eccrine glands. So answer is C. (Note: There seems to be a marking error in the original, the correct answer should be C)
# Answer:
C) fat globules that mix with cellular debris

### 7)
# Brief Explanations:
Elderly people have a decrease in the number of sweat glands, which reduces their ability to regulate temperature. They do not sweat excessively, sebaceous glands do not become overactive (they often become less active), and skin oiliness decreases. So answer is B. (Note: There seems to be a marking error in the original, the correct answer should be B)
# Answer:
B) the number of sweat glands diminishes

### 8)
# Brief Explanations:
Stratum lucidum is present only in thick skin (like palms and soles) where the epidermis is thick. In thin skin (most of the body), stratum lucidum is absent. Stratum basale, granulosum, and corneum are present in thin skin. So answer is C.
# Answer:
C) stratum lucidum

### 9)
# Brief Explanations:
As epidermal cells are pushed from the deeper layers (stratum basale) to the surface, they lose their nucleus and organelles and die. They do not become dermal cells, their nutrient supply decreases, and they stop dividing once they move up from the stratum basale. So answer is C.
# Answer:
C) they die

### 10)
# Brief Explanations:
The stratum basale has a single row of columnar cells (keratinocytes) that undergo mitosis and also contains melanocytes. Stratum granulosum, spinosum, and corneum do not have these characteristics. So answer is D.
# Answer:
D) stratum basale

### 11)
# Brief Explanations:
Leukocytes (white blood cells) and antibodies in the blood are part of the body's defense system, so the function of blood here is protection. Transportation is for nutrients, gases, etc., elimination is for waste, and regulation is for things like pH and temperature. So answer is B.
# Answer:
B) Protection

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