Question

1. unicellular organisms are made to ______ while multicellular organisms can ____, ____ and ____. 2) ____ is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. 3) stem cells are ____ cells from which differentiated cells develop. 4) cell differentiation is controlled through ____ 5) a cell begins to divide ____ forming a possible ____ when it passes through checkpoint with dna damage 6) ____ results from a defect in genes that control cell growth and division 7) ____ are proteins that regulate the cell cycle. 8) a process of programmed cell death is called ____ 9) ____ are regulatory proteins that respond to events inside the cell 10)____ are regulatory proteins that respond to events outside of the cell. 11) prokaryotes undergo ____ and divide in half producing ____ daughter cells. 12) checkpoints are looking for ____ & ____ to ensure the cell is ready for its new phase. word bank: (for fill in the blank above) differentiation gene regulation cyclins repair binary fission uncontrollably external regulators reproduce grow apoptosis unspecialized two identical errors & damage reproduce tumor cancer internal regulators multiple choice 13) a cell spends ~90% of its time in - a) telophase b) mitosis c) interphase d) m phase 14) when a cell is in ______, it is not dividing and remains at “rest”. a) g1 b) g2 c) g0 d) s 15) mistakes in dna replication can lead to - a) interphase b) mitosis c) mutations d) m - phase

Explanation:

1. Unicellular organisms perform all life - functions alone, while multicellular ones can grow, develop, and reproduce.
2. Cell differentiation is the process of cells becoming specialized.
3. Stem cells are unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop.
4. Cell differentiation is controlled through gene regulation.
5. A cell with DNA damage may divide uncontrollably, forming a possible tumor.
6. Cancer results from gene defects in cell - growth and division control.
7. Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle.
8. Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
9. External regulators respond to events outside the cell.
10. Internal regulators respond to events inside the cell.
11. Prokaryotes undergo binary fission and produce two identical daughter cells.
12. Checkpoints look for errors and damage to ensure cell readiness for the next phase.
13. A cell spends about 90% of its time in interphase.
14. In G0 phase, a cell is not dividing and is at "rest".
15. Mistakes in DNA replication can lead to mutations.

Answer:

1. Reproduce; grow; develop
2. Cell differentiation
3. Unspecialized
4. Gene regulation
5. Uncontrollably; tumor
6. Cancer
7. Cyclins
8. Apoptosis
9. External Regulators
10. Internal Regulators
11. Binary fission; two identical
12. Errors; damage
13. c) Interphase
14. c) G0
15. c) Mutations