Question

use the passage to answer the question. which states a cause-and-effect relationship found in the excerpt? (1 point) ○ diseases caused foul or unpleasant emanations. ○ epidemics are caused by specific microbes. ○ doctors challenged dr. koch, so he sided with revolutionaries. ○ dr. koch’s colleagues unwittingly caused disease.

Explanation:

To determine the correct cause - effect relationship, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: The typical understanding is that foul emanations were once thought to cause diseases (miasma theory), not the other way around, so this is incorrect.
• Option 2: In the context of medical science (related to the work of Dr. Koch, a pioneer in microbiology), the discovery was that specific microbes (bacteria, etc.) are the cause of epidemics. This aligns with scientific understanding of disease causation.
• Option 3: There is no logical or historical basis for the idea that doctors challenging Dr. Koch would lead him to side with revolutionaries. This is an illogical cause - effect claim.
• Option 4: There is no valid reason to believe that Dr. Koch's colleagues would unwittingly cause disease. This is not a supported cause - effect relationship.

Answer:

B. Epidemics are caused by specific microbes.