Question

use the picture at the right to fill in the next five questions:
#1 is the
#2 is the
#3 is the
#4 is the
#5 is the

what are the functions of the following cell organelles?

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• mitochondria
• chloroplast
• ribosome
• cell wall
• central vacuole

use the chart to the right to answer the following questions:

• write the chemical reaction for photosynthesis:
• what reactants do the plants use to make this energy?
• what are the products of this process?
• what organelle inside the plant cell is essential for this energy production?
• what substance is in these organelles that makes them green?

Explanation:

1. Based on the animal - cell diagram:

• #1 is likely the cell membrane which is the outer - most layer of an animal cell.
• #2 could be the endoplasmic reticulum (smooth or rough) which is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
• #3 might be the Golgi apparatus which modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
• #4 is the nucleus which stores DNA.
• #5 is the mitochondria which is the "power - house" of the cell.

1. Functions of organelles:

• Nucleus: Stores genetic information (DNA), controls cell activities.
• Cell Membrane: Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, provides protection.
• Cytoplasm: Holds organelles in place, site of many biochemical reactions.
• Mitochondria: Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells, converts light energy to chemical energy.
• Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis.
• Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection in plant cells.
• Central Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells, helps maintain turgor pressure.

1. Photosynthesis:

• Chemical reaction: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O+ \text{light energy}

ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

• Reactants: Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and water ($H_2O$), light energy.
• Products: Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) and oxygen ($O_2$).
• Essential organelle: Chloroplast.
• Substance making it green: Chlorophyll.

Answer:

1. #1: Cell Membrane
2. #2: Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. #3: Golgi Apparatus
4. #4: Nucleus
5. #5: Mitochondria
6. Nucleus: Stores genetic information, controls cell activities.

• Cell Membrane: Regulates substance movement, provides protection.
• Cytoplasm: Holds organelles, site of reactions.
• Mitochondria: Produces ATP through cellular respiration.
• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis, converts light to chemical energy.
• Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis.
• Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection (in plants).
• Central Vacuole: Stores substances, maintains turgor pressure (in plants).

1. Chemical reaction: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O+ \text{light energy}

ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

• Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, light energy.
• Products: Glucose, oxygen.
• Essential organelle: Chloroplast.
• Substance making it green: Chlorophyll.