Question

using the word bank below, compare homologous and analogous structures.
word bank:
same structure, different function shows common ancestry human arm/cat leg/whale fin
same function different structures seen in organisms not necessarily closely related
butterfly wing/bat wing structures evolved independently

Explanation:

Left Column (Analogous Structures - Butterfly, Pterodactyl, Bird, Bat Wings):

1. Same Function different structures - These wings (butterfly, pterodactyl, bird, bat) have the same function (flight) but different anatomical structures.
2. Seen in organisms not necessarily closely related - Butterfly (insect), pterodactyl (reptile), bird (avian), bat (mammal) are not closely related but have wings for flight.
3. Butterfly wing/Bat wing - Example of analogous structures (different structure, same function of flight).
4. structures evolved independently - Their wings evolved separately (convergent evolution) to serve flight.

Right Column (Homologous Structures - Human Arm, Cat Leg, Bird Wing, Whale Fin):

1. Same structure, different function - These structures (arm, leg, wing, fin) have similar bone structure but different functions (grasping, walking, flying, swimming).
2. shows common ancestry - Similar bone structure indicates they share a common vertebrate ancestor.
3. Human arm/cat leg/whale fin - Example of homologous structures (same structure, different functions).

Final Matching (Left → Right Context):

• Left (Analogous) focuses on same function, different structure, independent evolution, non - close relations, with examples like butterfly/bat wing.
• Right (Homologous) focuses on same structure, different function, common ancestry, with examples like human arm/cat leg/whale fin.

If we consider the left column (analogous) first:

1. Same Function different structures
2. Seen in organisms not necessarily closely related
3. Butterfly wing/Bat wing
4. structures evolved independently

Right column (homologous):

1. Same structure, different function
2. shows common ancestry
3. Human arm/cat leg/whale fin

(Note: The numbering in the image (1 - 4 left, 5 - 7 right) can be matched as above based on the definitions of analogous (convergent evolution, same function - different structure) and homologous (divergent evolution, same structure - different function) structures.)

Answer:

Left Column (Analogous Structures - Butterfly, Pterodactyl, Bird, Bat Wings):

1. Same Function different structures - These wings (butterfly, pterodactyl, bird, bat) have the same function (flight) but different anatomical structures.
2. Seen in organisms not necessarily closely related - Butterfly (insect), pterodactyl (reptile), bird (avian), bat (mammal) are not closely related but have wings for flight.
3. Butterfly wing/Bat wing - Example of analogous structures (different structure, same function of flight).
4. structures evolved independently - Their wings evolved separately (convergent evolution) to serve flight.

Right Column (Homologous Structures - Human Arm, Cat Leg, Bird Wing, Whale Fin):

1. Same structure, different function - These structures (arm, leg, wing, fin) have similar bone structure but different functions (grasping, walking, flying, swimming).
2. shows common ancestry - Similar bone structure indicates they share a common vertebrate ancestor.
3. Human arm/cat leg/whale fin - Example of homologous structures (same structure, different functions).

Final Matching (Left → Right Context):

• Left (Analogous) focuses on same function, different structure, independent evolution, non - close relations, with examples like butterfly/bat wing.
• Right (Homologous) focuses on same structure, different function, common ancestry, with examples like human arm/cat leg/whale fin.

If we consider the left column (analogous) first:

1. Same Function different structures
2. Seen in organisms not necessarily closely related
3. Butterfly wing/Bat wing
4. structures evolved independently

Right column (homologous):

1. Same structure, different function
2. shows common ancestry
3. Human arm/cat leg/whale fin

(Note: The numbering in the image (1 - 4 left, 5 - 7 right) can be matched as above based on the definitions of analogous (convergent evolution, same function - different structure) and homologous (divergent evolution, same structure - different function) structures.)