Question

it is well - documented that active maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with lower - birth - weight babies. researchers wanted to determine if there is a relationship between paternal smoking habits and birth weight. the researchers administered a questionnaire to each parent of newborn infants. one question asked whether the individual smoked regularly. because the survey was administered within 15 days of birth, it was assumed that any regular smokers were also regular smokers during pregnancy. birth weights for the babies (in grams) of nonsmoking mothers were obtained and divided into two groups, nonsmoking fathers and smoking fathers. the accompanying data are representative of the data collected by the researchers. the researchers concluded that the birth weight of babies whose father smoked was less than the birth weight of babies whose father did not smoke. complete parts (a) through (g) below. click the icon to view the data. birth weights for babies - nonsmoking and smoking fathers nonsmokers 4214 3038 3556 4032 4218 3141 3480 4002 3727 3452 3539 3741 3729 3529 3709 3265 4321 2985 3817 3945 3439 3790 4028 3871 3675 3427 3535 4085 3307 3237 smokers 3983 3156 4209 3475 2852 3669 3791 3931 3783 4128 3432 2987 3493 3245 3258 2852 3567 3872 3504 3137 3069 2939 3465 3247 2737 3128 4095 2765 3632 4263 full data set print done

Explanation:

The study observes paternal smoking habits and birth weights without intervention; no treatment is assigned.

Answer:

Observational study