Question

what was the effect of isolation and independence on kingdoms under feudalism?
frequent wars occurred because of trade conflicts
international alliances were formed to stimulate trade
new ideas and cultural exchanges were limited
trade and travel were increased overall

Explanation:

Isolation and independence in feudal - era kingdoms restricted interactions with the outside. This led to limited opportunities for new ideas and cultural exchanges as there was less contact with other regions. Trade conflicts are not a direct result of isolation and independence in terms of the question's context. International alliances are contrary to the concept of isolation. And isolation would not increase trade and travel.

Answer:

New ideas and cultural exchanges were limited