Question

1. what makes water molecules polar? 2. because water is polar, how does it interact with other water molecules? 3. what is a hydrogen bond and how do they relate to water molecules? 4. how do hydrogen bonds compare to ionic and covalent bonds? 5. what is the cause of many of water’s special properties? 6. what is cohesion and what does it cause water molecules to do? 7. what is adhesion and how does it help the capillary action plants rely on to get water up a plant? 8. how does the high heat capacity of water help living things? 9. why do all living things need a source of water? 10. what is a solution? solute? solvent? 11. what is water’s role in solutions? 12. what is a suspension? 13. why is blood considered to be a suspension?

Explanation:

1. Water molecules are polar due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, with oxygen being more electronegative.
2. Polar water molecules interact with each other through hydrogen - bonding. The positive hydrogen end of one water molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen end of another.
3. A hydrogen bond is a weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like O, N, or F) and another electronegative atom. In water, hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules.
4. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions, and covalent bonds are strong bonds formed by sharing electrons.
5. Many of water's special properties, such as high surface tension, high heat capacity, and cohesion, are due to hydrogen - bonding.
6. Cohesion is the attraction between like molecules. In water, cohesion caused by hydrogen - bonding makes water molecules stick together, leading to phenomena like surface tension.
7. Adhesion is the attraction between unlike molecules. In plants, adhesion of water to the cell walls of xylem vessels, combined with cohesion, helps in capillary action, which pulls water up the plant.
8. The high heat capacity of water means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without a large change in temperature. This helps living things maintain a stable internal temperature.
9. All living things need water as it is a solvent for many biochemical reactions, helps in transport of nutrients and waste, and is involved in maintaining cell turgor.
10. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The solute is the substance that is dissolved, and the solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.
11. Water is a universal solvent in solutions. Many ionic and polar substances can dissolve in water due to its polarity and ability to form hydrogen - bonds.
12. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas but are large enough to settle out over time.
13. Blood is considered a suspension because it contains cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) that are dispersed in a liquid (plasma) and can settle out if left undisturbed.

Answer:

1. Unequal electron - sharing due to oxygen's electronegativity.
2. Through hydrogen - bonding.
3. A weak attraction between H and an electronegative atom; form between water molecules.
4. Weaker than ionic and covalent bonds.
5. Hydrogen - bonding.
6. Attraction between like molecules; makes water molecules stick together.
7. Attraction between unlike molecules; helps in capillary action with cohesion.
8. Helps maintain stable internal temperature.
9. For biochemical reactions, transport, and cell turgor.
10. Solution: homogeneous mixture; Solute: dissolved substance; Solvent: substance for dissolving.
11. Universal solvent.
12. Heterogeneous mixture with settling particles.
13. Contains cells dispersed in plasma that can settle out.