Question

which of the following consists of non-living elements and communities of living organisms? species climates ecosystems lithospheres

Explanation:

• A species is a group of similar living organisms, not including non - living elements, so this option is incorrect.
• Climates refer to the long - term weather patterns of a region and do not include communities of living organisms, so this option is incorrect.
• An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms (biotic components) interacting with the non - living (abiotic) components of their environment. So it consists of non - living elements and communities of living organisms.
• The lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the earth (like rocks, soil) and does not include communities of living organisms, so this option is incorrect.

Answer:

ecosystems