Question

which of the following is not due to the common ancestry of related species?
vestigial structures
analogous structures
descendant structures
homologous structures

Explanation:

• Vestigial structures: Remnants of structures from a common ancestor, e.g., human appendix.
• Analogous structures: Evolved independently (convergent evolution) for similar functions, not from common ancestry (e.g., bird and insect wings).
• Descendant structures: Inherited from ancestors, related to common ancestry.
• Homologous structures: Shared due to common ancestry (e.g., vertebrate forelimbs).

So analogous structures are not due to common ancestry.

Answer:

B. analogous structures