Question

which of the following are true?
secondary succession occurs in an area that already had life and soil.
primary succession begins in an area that does not have soil.
all of these are true (besides the one that says that none are true...).
primary succession begins in an area that did not have life before.
none of these are true.
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Explanation:

Primary succession starts in an area with no pre - existing life and no soil, like on bare rock. Secondary succession occurs in an area that previously had life and soil, such as after a forest fire. All the statements about primary and secondary succession in the options are correct.

Answer:

All of these are true (besides the one that says that none are true...).