Question

which of these types of environments is most likely to experience the arrival of a pioneer species?

a an old growth forest

b an undisturbed prairie

c an established mountain lake

d a newly formed volcanic island

Explanation:

Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a barren or newly formed environment, starting the process of ecological succession. A newly formed volcanic island is a completely new, barren environment with no existing ecosystem, so it's the most likely to have pioneer species arriving to start succession. Old - growth forests, undisturbed prairies, and established mountain lakes have existing, stable ecosystems, so they don't need pioneer species to start colonization as they already have a developed community of organisms.

Answer:

D. a newly formed volcanic Island