Question

the dunning-kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with limited knowledge or skill in a given domain ____ their own knowledge or skill relative to objective criteria or to the performance of others. studies suggest that this phenomenon may stem from the fact that the people in question dont possess enough understanding of the given domain to recognize their own mistakes or deficiencies in the first place; lacking this awareness, they may assume their competence to be higher than it is. which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? choose 1 answer:
a overestimate
b conceal
c understate
d rectify
14 of 30

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the context of the Dunning - Kruger effect. The text says that people with limited knowledge in a domain may think their competence is higher than it is.

• Option A: "overestimate" means to estimate (something) as being larger or more important than it really is. This fits the context as people with limited knowledge overestimate their own knowledge/skill.
• Option B: "conceal" means to hide, which has nothing to do with the perception of one's own knowledge/skill.
• Option C: "understate" means to represent as less than is the case, which is the opposite of what the Dunning - Kruger effect describes.
• Option D: "rectify" means to correct, which is not related to the misperception of one's own ability here.

Answer:

A. overestimate