practice: dna structure and replication
1. label each part of the model to the right. include specific nitrogen base pairs in your labeling.
2. what molecule is it?
3. what is its purpose?
4. where can it be found in a prokaryotic cell?
5. where can it be found in a eukaryotic cell?
6. it gets copied during a process called replication. when does this happen?
7. what is the result of dna replication?
8. why is dna replication necessary?
9. why is dna replication said to be semi - conservative? draw a picture to support your answer.
10. what would the chromosome to the right look like after dna replication?
11. what would the chromosome to the right be called after dna replication?
12. replicate the following four dna strands using what you know about complementary base pairs.
a. aatacgtccagatttt
b. ttaaccgagttcaga
c. cccgcggaatataca
d. agggctacttcagac
genetics unit

Question

practice: dna structure and replication
1. label each part of the model to the right. include specific nitrogen base pairs in your labeling.
2. what molecule is it?
3. what is its purpose?
4. where can it be found in a prokaryotic cell?
5. where can it be found in a eukaryotic cell?
6. it gets copied during a process called replication. when does this happen?
7. what is the result of dna replication?
8. why is dna replication necessary?
9. why is dna replication said to be semi - conservative? draw a picture to support your answer.
10. what would the chromosome to the right look like after dna replication?
11. what would the chromosome to the right be called after dna replication?
12. replicate the following four dna strands using what you know about complementary base pairs.
    a. aatacgtccagatttt
    b. ttaaccgagttcaga
    c. cccgcggaatataca
    d. agggctacttcagac
genetics unit

Accepted Answer

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The molecule shown in the model (with a double - helix - like structure and nucleotide components) is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). The structure with sugar - phosphate backbones and nitrogenous base pairs is characteristic of DNA.
# Answer:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The purpose of DNA is to store genetic information. This genetic information is used to direct the synthesis of proteins, regulate cell functions, and is passed on from one generation of cells (or organisms) to the next.
# Answer:
To store genetic information, which is used for protein synthesis, cell function regulation, and inheritance.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. DNA in prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) is found in the cytoplasm, specifically in a region called the nucleoid, and also as plasmids (small circular DNA molecules) in the cytoplasm.
# Answer:
Cytoplasm (in the nucleoid region and as plasmids)

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is located in the nucleus, organized into chromosomes. Additionally, some DNA is found in the mitochondria (and in chloroplasts of plant cells).
# Answer:
Nucleus (also in mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plant cells)

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
DNA replication occurs during the S - phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. This is the phase where the cell prepares for cell division (mitosis or meiosis) by duplicating its genetic material.
# Answer:
During the S - phase of the cell cycle.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The result of DNA replication is the production of two identical DNA molecules. Each new DNA molecule consists of one original (template) strand and one newly synthesized strand. This ensures that each daughter cell (or new cell) gets an exact copy of the genetic material.
# Answer:
Two identical DNA molecules, each with one original and one new strand.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
DNA replication is necessary for cell division (mitosis and meiosis). In mitosis, it ensures that each daughter cell has the same genetic information as the parent cell. In meiosis, it provides the genetic material that will be passed on to gametes, and also allows for genetic variation through processes like crossing - over. Also, for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, accurate DNA replication is essential to pass on the correct genetic instructions.
# Answer:
It is necessary for cell division (to pass genetic information to daughter cells), growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
DNA replication is semi - conservative because when a DNA molecule replicates, each of the two new DNA molecules formed consists of one strand from the original (parent) DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand. So, half of the original DNA is "conserved" in each new molecule.
# Answer:
Because each new DNA molecule has one original (parent) strand and one new strand.

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
After DNA replication, a chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are held together at the centromere and are exact copies of each other, formed from the replication of the original chromosome.
# Answer:
A chromosome with two sister chromatids (held together at the centromere)

### Question 12
#### Part a
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall complementary base pairs (A - T, T - A, C - G, G - C)
The given strand is AATACGTCCAGATTTT.
## Step2: Pair each base
- A pairs with T
- A pairs with T
- T pairs with A
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G
- G pairs with C
- T pairs with A
- C pairs with G
- C pairs with G
- A pairs with T
- G pairs with C
- A pairs with T
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A

So the complementary strand is TTATGCAGGTCTAAAA
# Answer:
TTATGCAGGTCTAAAA

#### Part b
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall complementary base pairs (A - T, T - A, C - G, G - C)
The given strand is TTAACCGAGTTCAGA.
## Step2: Pair each base
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A
- A pairs with T
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G
- C pairs with G
- G pairs with C
- A pairs with T
- G pairs with C
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A
- C pairs with G
- A pairs with T
- G pairs with C
- A pairs with T

So the complementary strand is AATTGGCTCA AGTCT
# Answer:
AATTGGCTCAAGTCT

#### Part c
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall complementary base pairs (A - T, T - A, C - G, G - C)
The given strand is CCCGCGGAATATACA.
## Step2: Pair each base
- C pairs with G
- C pairs with G
- C pairs with G
- G pairs with C
- C pairs with G
- G pairs with C
- G pairs with C
- A pairs with T
- A pairs with T
- T pairs with A
- A pairs with T
- T pairs with A
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G
- A pairs with T

So the complementary strand is GGGCGCC T TATATGT
# Answer:
GGGCGCCTTATATGT

#### Part d
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall complementary base pairs (A - T, T - A, C - G, G - C)
The given strand is AGGGCTACTTCAGAC.
## Step2: Pair each base
- A pairs with T
- G pairs with C
- G pairs with C
- G pairs with C
- C pairs with G
- T pairs with A
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G
- T pairs with A
- T pairs with A
- C pairs with G
- A pairs with T
- G pairs with C
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G

So the complementary strand is TCCCGATGAAGTCTG
# Answer:
TCCCGATGAAGTCTG

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