Question

prokaryotes

• found in: ______
• cellularity: ______ (single - celled or multicellular)
• size/complexity: ______
• cell wall contains: ______ (type of molecule)
• chromosome shape: ______
• ribosomes: ______ (present / absent)
• early metabolism notes: some were anaerobic; some evolved ____ (example: __), and some became predecessors of ____ (organelle).

archaea

• archaea are ______ (type of cell).
• common habitats: ______ (examples).
• energy source: ______
• relationship to eukaryotes: recent evidence shows ______.

eukaryotes

• contain membrane - bound organelles: ______ (yes / no)
• contain a nucleus: ______ (yes / no)
• nucleus function: ______
• cell size: ______ (compare to prokaryotes)
• can be: ______ (unicellular or multicellular)
• examples: ____, __, __, ____

vocabulary — define in your own words

• prokaryote: ______
• eukaryote: ______
• organelle: ______
• nucleus: ______

space to draw: draw a labeled comparison — on the left sketch a typical prokaryote; on the right sketch a typical eukaryote. label at least three differences.

Explanation:

This is a biology worksheet covering prokaryotes, archaea, and eukaryotes, including their traits, definitions, and a drawing task. All answers are based on core cell biology concepts.

Answer:

Prokaryotes

• Found in: Bacteria and Archaea
• Cellularity: single-celled
• Size/complexity: Small (1-5 μm), simple structure
• Cell wall contains: peptidoglycan (in bacteria)
• Chromosome shape: circular (single, no nucleus)
• Ribosomes: present
• Early metabolism notes: some were anaerobic; some evolved aerobic respiration (example: cyanobacteria), and some became predecessors of mitochondria (organelle)

Archaea

• Archaea are prokaryotic cells
• Common habitats: extreme environments (hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, salt flats)
• Energy source: organic compounds, inorganic chemicals (chemosynthesis), or sunlight (some)
• Relationship to eukaryotes: Recent evidence shows they are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria

Eukaryotes

• Contain membrane-bound organelles: yes
• Contain a nucleus: yes
• Nucleus function: Stores genetic material (DNA), controls cell activities
• Cell size: Larger (10-100 μm, bigger than prokaryotes)
• Can be: unicellular or multicellular
• Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protists (e.g., amoeba)

Vocabulary — Define in your own words

• Prokaryote: A simple, single-celled organism with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryote: An organism (single or multi-celled) with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Organelle: A specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific function
• Nucleus: A membrane-bound organelle that holds and protects a cell's genetic material

Space to draw

(Left: Prokaryote sketch)

• Label 1: No nucleus (circular DNA floating in cytoplasm)
• Label 2: Small, simple ribosomes
• Label 3: Cell wall (peptidoglycan for bacteria)

(Right: Eukaryote sketch)

• Label 1: Membrane-bound nucleus holding linear DNA
• Label 2: Membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum)
• Label 3: Larger overall cell size compared to prokaryote