Question

question 17 of 20 which numbered pair of phrases best completes the table as it relates to the u.s. federal bureaucracy?
standardized rules and procedures
advantage\tdisadvantage
(1)\t(2)

a. (1) promote employee efficiency; (2) can be rigid and difficult to adapt to new situations
b. (1) create a clear chain of command; (2) limit independence of lower - level workers
c. (1) connect bureaucrats more directly to voters; (2) place limits on congressional power
d. (1) allow for greater independence from the president; (2) expand bureaucratic authority

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option A: Standardized rules/procedures in bureaucracy help employees know what to do, promoting efficiency (advantage). However, they can be rigid and not adapt well to new situations (disadvantage) – this matches the table's focus on standardized rules.
• Option B: A clear chain of command is about hierarchy, not standardized rules/procedures.
• Option C: Bureaucracy isn’t directly connected to voters via rules, and rules don’t limit congressional power in this context.
• Option D: Standardized rules don’t relate to independence from the president or expanding authority in this way.

Answer:

A. (1) Promote employee efficiency; (2) Can be rigid and difficult to adapt to new situations