Question

questions:1. what would the anticodon sequence (sequence on the trna) be for gene c?hint: mrna codon and trna anticodon are complementary to each other.mrna trna 2. how many different codons will codon for the amino acid alanine (ala)?3. will a single change in a nitrogen base always alter the formation of a resulting protein? provide at least one example to support your answer.4. if you knew the amino acid sequence to a protein, could you determine the dna sequence? provide at least one example to support your answer.5. how are transcription and translation different?6. explain the roles of the following in protein synthesis: dna, mrna, and trna

Explanation:

1. Question 1: The problem is incomplete because the mRNA codon sequence for Gene C is not provided. Complementary base pairing rules are: A (adenine) pairs with U (uracil, in RNA) and C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine). To find the tRNA anticodon, each mRNA base is paired with its complement.
2. Question 2: Alanine is encoded by codons that follow the pattern GCN (N = any nucleotide: U, C, A, G). The specific codons are GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG.
3. Question 3: The genetic code has redundancy, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. A base change (silent mutation) that results in a codon for the same amino acid will not alter the protein.
4. Question 4: Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons (degeneracy of the genetic code). This means a single amino acid can correspond to different mRNA codons, which in turn correspond to different DNA sequences.
5. Question 5: Transcription and translation differ in their location, molecules involved, and end product. Transcription converts DNA to mRNA, while translation converts mRNA to a protein.
6. Question 6: Each molecule has a distinct, sequential role in the two main stages of protein synthesis (transcription and translation).

Answer:

1. Sorry, the mRNA sequence for Gene C is not provided. To solve this, pair each mRNA base with its complement: A↔U, C↔G, then fill the tRNA row with these complementary bases.
2. 4
3. No. A silent mutation is an example: if the mRNA codon changes from GCU to GCC, both code for alanine, so the protein remains unchanged.
4. No. For example, the amino acid alanine can be encoded by GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG. Each of these mRNA codons corresponds to a different DNA sequence (CGA, CGG, CGT, CGC on the template strand), so a single amino acid sequence cannot map to one unique DNA sequence.
5. - Transcription occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes) and uses DNA to make mRNA; translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes and uses mRNA to make a polypeptide/protein.

• Transcription involves RNA polymerase and DNA nucleotides; translation involves tRNA, ribosomes, and amino acids.

1. - DNA: Stores the genetic code (gene sequence) that dictates the amino acid order of the protein; serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription.

• mRNA: Carries the complementary copy of the DNA gene sequence from the nucleus to the ribosome; its codons specify the order of amino acids in the protein.
• tRNA: Transports specific amino acids to the ribosome; its anticodon pairs with complementary mRNA codons to ensure the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.