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1. what were the two plans presented at the constitutional convention t…

Question

  1. what were the two plans presented at the constitutional convention that concerned how to best represent the interests of the people and the states in the legislature (congress)?
  2. what are three (3) details that describe the plan that supported the larger states?
  3. what are three (3) details that describe the plan that supported the smaller states?
  4. what are three (3) details that describe the great compromise?
  5. how were senators chosen at the time when the great compromise was adopted?
  6. how are senators chosen today after the passing of the 17th amendment?
  7. what does the commerce clause do?
  8. how does the commerce clause correct a weakness that was present under the articles of confederation?
  9. how did the southern states with many slaves want the slaves to be counted when calculating state population?
  10. how did the northern states with few slaves want the slaves to be counted when calculating state population?
  11. what is the three - fifths compromise?
  12. what are four (4) weaknesses of the articles of confederation?
  13. what are three (3) ways that the u.s. constitution limits the power of the federal government?
  14. what is separation of powers?
  15. what are the three branches of government?
  16. what are checks and balances?
  17. what are two (2) ways the legislative branch can check the executive branch?
  18. what are two (2) ways the executive branch can check the legislative branch?
  19. what are two (2) ways the judicial branch can check the legislative branch?
  20. what is federalism?
  21. what were the federalist papers?
  22. who wrote the federalist papers?
  23. who wrote the majority of the federalist papers?
  24. how did the anti - federalists feel about the new constitution?
  25. what did the anti - federalists demand to have added to the new constitution?
  26. why did the anti - federalists not want to ratify the new constitution?
  27. what is the bill of rights?
  28. what five freedoms are included in the first amendment?
  29. what does it mean to have a separation of \church and state\?
  30. what rights does the fourth amendment protect?
  31. what rights does the fifth amendment protect?
  32. what is due process?
  33. what rights does the ninth amendment protect?

Explanation:

Brief Explanations
  1. The Virginia Plan favored large - states with representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan favored small - states with equal representation for each state in Congress.
  2. In the Virginia Plan, Congress would have two houses with representation based on population; it proposed a strong central government; and it gave the national government power to veto state laws.
  3. The New Jersey Plan had a single - house legislature with equal representation for each state, maintained state sovereignty, and proposed a more limited central government.
  4. The Great Compromise was adopted during the Constitutional Convention in 1787; it combined elements of the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; and it created a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for each state.
  5. Before the 17th Amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures. After its passage, senators are elected by the people of each state.
  6. The Commerce Clause gives Congress the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, which corrected the lack of a national power to regulate trade under the Articles of Confederation.
  7. Southern states wanted slaves to be fully counted for population in order to gain more representatives in the House of Representatives.
  8. Northern states did not want slaves to be counted at all for population as it would give the South more political power.
  9. The Three - Fifths Compromise counted each slave as three - fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state's population for representation and taxation.
  10. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation included no national executive, no national judicial system, inability to levy taxes, and lack of power to regulate trade.
  11. The U.S. Constitution limits the power of the federal government through separation of powers, checks and balances, and the Bill of Rights.
  12. The three branches of government are the legislative (makes laws), executive (enforces laws), and judicial (interprets laws).
  13. Checks and balances are a system where each branch of government can limit the powers of the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
  14. The legislative branch can override a presidential veto with a two - thirds majority vote in both houses; it can impeach the president.
  15. The executive branch can veto legislation passed by Congress; it can call special sessions of Congress.
  16. The judicial branch can declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional; it can interpret laws in a way that affects legislative intent.
  17. Federalism is the division of power between the national government and the state governments.
  18. The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays written to promote the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
  19. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote the Federalist Papers.
  20. The majority of the Federalist Papers were written by Alexander Hamilton.
  21. Anti - Federalists were concerned that the new Constitution gave too much power to the central government and lacked a Bill of Rights.
  22. Anti - Federalists did not want to ratify the new Constitution because they feared it would lead to tyranny and a loss of individual liberties.
  23. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
  24. The First Amendment includes freedom of religion, speech, the press, the right to assemble peaceably, and to petition the government.
  25. Separation of "church and state" means that the government cannot establish an official re…

Answer:

  1. Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan.
  2. Two - house legislature with population - based representation; strong central government; power to veto state laws.
  3. Single - house legislature with equal state representation; maintained state sovereignty; limited central government.
  4. Adopted in 1787; combined elements of Virginia and New Jersey Plans; bicameral legislature with House based on population and Senate with equal state representation.
  5. Elected by the people of each state.
  6. Gives Congress power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce.
  7. Fully counted for population.
  8. Not counted at all for population.
  9. Each slave counted as three - fifths of a person for population determination.
  10. No national executive, no national judicial system, inability to levy taxes, lack of trade - regulating power.
  11. Separation of powers, checks and balances, Bill of Rights.
  12. Legislative, executive, judicial.
  13. System for branches to limit each other's powers.
  14. Override veto with two - thirds vote; impeach president.
  15. Veto legislation; call special sessions of Congress.
  16. Declare laws unconstitutional; interpret laws to affect intent.
  17. Division of power between national and state governments.
  18. Series of 85 essays to promote Constitution ratification.
  19. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay.
  20. Alexander Hamilton.
  21. Concerned about too much central power and lack of Bill of Rights.
  22. Feared tyranny and loss of individual liberties.
  23. First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
  24. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
  25. Government cannot establish an official religion or interfere with free exercise of religion.
  26. Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
  27. Legal requirement for state to respect a person's legal rights.
  28. Protects non - enumerated rights.