Question

1. a covalent bond forms when

a. protons are shared between atoms.
b. an electron is transferred from one atom to another.

Explanation:

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Protons are in the nucleus and not involved in bond - formation in this way. Transfer of an electron from one atom to another forms an ionic bond.

Answer:

None of the given options are correct. A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms. If we assume this is a multiple - choice with only the given options and we have to pick the 'closest' wrong - concept option, it's still incorrect but if forced, none of these describe covalent bond formation. However, if we had to choose based on the incorrect concepts presented, the idea of sharing (even though wrong particles are mentioned in option A) is somewhat related to the sharing nature of covalent bonds compared to the transfer in option B which is for ionic bonds. But again, both are wrong in their description of covalent bond formation.