Question

1. consider coffee to which you have added sugar. which of these is the solute? which is the solvent?
2. explain why water is such a fine solvent.
3. distinguish between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. give an example of each.
4. on the ph scale below, label ph 1 - 14. label neutral, acid, and base. indicate the locations of pure water, urine, gastric juice, and bleach.

Explanation:

1. In a solution, the solute is the substance that is dissolved, and the solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved. In coffee - sugar mixture, sugar is dissolved in coffee (which mainly contains water), so sugar is the solute and coffee (the liquid part) is the solvent.
2. Water is a fine solvent because it is a polar molecule. Its polar nature allows it to interact with and dissolve many ionic and polar covalent compounds through processes like hydration.
3. Hydrophobic substances repel water, for example, oil. Hydrophilic substances are attracted to water and dissolve in it, like salt.
4. On the pH scale (0 - 14), 7 is neutral. Values less than 7 are acidic and greater than 7 are basic. Pure water has a pH of 7, urine has a pH around 5 - 7 (usually acidic), gastric juice has a pH around 1 - 3 (highly acidic), and bleach has a pH around 12 - 13 (basic).

Answer:

1. Solute: Sugar; Solvent: Coffee
2. It is a polar molecule, enabling interaction with ionic and polar covalent compounds.
3. Hydrophobic: Repel water, e.g., oil; Hydrophilic: Attracted to water, e.g., salt
4. pH 7 is neutral. pH < 7 is acid, pH > 7 is base. Pure water: pH 7; Urine: pH 5 - 7; Gastric juice: pH 1 - 3; Bleach: pH 12 - 13