Question

1. write the orbital notation for the following elements.

(hint: see sample problem a.)
a. p
b. b
c. na
d. o

Explanation:

Step1: Find atomic number of P

Phosphorus (P) has atomic number 15, so 15 electrons. Follow Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3$
Orbital box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\downarrow\;\uparrow\downarrow \quad \underset{3s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{3p}{\uparrow}\;\uparrow\;\uparrow$

Step2: Find atomic number of B

Boron (B) has atomic number 5, so 5 electrons.
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^1$
Orbital box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$

Step3: Find atomic number of Na

Sodium (Na) has atomic number 11, so 11 electrons.
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1$
Orbital box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\downarrow\;\uparrow\downarrow \quad \underset{3s}{\uparrow}\;\;\;\;$

Step4: Find atomic number of O

Oxygen (O) has atomic number 8, so 8 electrons.
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$
Orbital box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\;\uparrow$

Answer:

a. P:
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3$
Box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\downarrow\;\uparrow\downarrow \quad \underset{3s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{3p}{\uparrow}\;\uparrow\;\uparrow$

b. B:
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^1$
Box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$

c. Na:
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1$
Box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\downarrow\;\uparrow\downarrow \quad \underset{3s}{\uparrow}\;\;\;\;$

d. O:
Orbital notation: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$
Box notation: $\underset{1s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2s}{\uparrow\downarrow} \quad \underset{2p}{\uparrow\downarrow}\;\uparrow\;\uparrow$