Question

the amount of energy that must be absorbed or lost to raise or lower the temperature of 1gram of liquid water by 1°c _______. view available hint(s) is 1,000 joules is 1,000 kilocalories is 1,000 calories depends on the initial temperature of the water sample is 1 kilocalorie is 1 calorie

Explanation:

The definition of a calorie (small 'c') is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water by \(1^\circ\text{C}\). A kilocalorie (large 'C' or 1000 calories) is the energy to raise 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water by \(1^\circ\text{C}\). So for 1 gram of water, it's 1 calorie. Let's analyze the options:

• "is 1,000 joules": 1 calorie is about 4.184 joules, so 1000 joules is incorrect.
• "is 1,000 kilocalories": Way too large, as 1 kilocalorie is for 1000 grams.
• "is 1,000 calories": 1000 calories would be for 1000 grams (1 kilogram) of water.
• "depends on the initial temperature": The specific heat of water (the value we're discussing) is relatively constant over a small temperature range around room temperature, so it doesn't depend on initial temp here.
• "is 1 kilocalorie": 1 kilocalorie is for 1000 grams, not 1 gram.
• "is 1 calorie": Matches the definition of a calorie.

Answer:

F. is 1 calorie