Question

1 - background information

1. the attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons is called a(n) ____ bond. the attraction formed between atoms when electrons are transferred is called a(n) ____ bond.
2. ionic bonds are usually formed between ____ and ____ (types of elements).
3. covalent bonds form between ______ elements.

Explanation:

Question 2

• For the first blank: When atoms share electrons, the bond is covalent. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry where electron sharing leads to covalent bonding (e.g., in \( \text{H}_2 \), electrons are shared between two H atoms).
• For the second blank: When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, an ionic bond forms (e.g., in \( \text{NaCl} \), Na transfers an electron to Cl).

Ionic bonds typically form between metals and non - metals. Metals tend to lose electrons (they are electropositive) and non - metals tend to gain electrons (they are electronegative), so the transfer of electrons between them leads to ionic bond formation (e.g., \( \text{Na} \) (metal) and \( \text{Cl} \) (non - metal) form \( \text{NaCl} \) with an ionic bond).

Covalent bonds form between non - metal elements. Since non - metals have similar electronegativities, they share electrons rather than transfer them. For example, in \( \text{O}_2 \) or \( \text{CO}_2 \), the bonds are covalent and formed between non - metals.

Answer:

First blank: covalent; Second blank: ionic

Question 3