Question

based on formal charges, which of the following is the best lewis electron - dot diagram for h₃no? a h :n—o—h h h b h h—n—o: h h c h :o—n—h h h d h h—o—n:

Explanation:

Step1: Recall formal - charge formula

The formal - charge formula is $FC = V - N - \frac{B}{2}$, where $V$ is the number of valence electrons, $N$ is the number of non - bonding electrons, and $B$ is the number of bonding electrons.

Step2: Analyze option A

For $N$ in option A: $V_N=5$, $N_N = 2$, $B_N = 6$, $FC_N=5 - 2-\frac{6}{2}=0$. For $O$: $V_O = 6$, $N_O=4$, $B_O = 4$, $FC_O=6 - 4-\frac{4}{2}=0$.

Step3: Analyze option B

For $N$ in option B: $V_N = 5$, $N_N=2$, $B_N = 6$, $FC_N=5 - 2-\frac{6}{2}=0$. For $O$: $V_O = 6$, $N_O = 6$, $B_O = 2$, $FC_O=6 - 6-\frac{2}{2}=- 1$.

Step4: Analyze option C

For $N$ in option C: $V_N = 5$, $N_N=4$, $B_N = 4$, $FC_N=5 - 4-\frac{4}{2}=-1$. For $O$: $V_O = 6$, $N_O = 2$, $B_O = 6$, $FC_O=6 - 2-\frac{6}{2}=+1$.

Step5: Analyze option D

For $N$ in option D: $V_N = 5$, $N_N=6$, $B_N = 2$, $FC_N=5 - 6-\frac{2}{2}=-2$. For $O$: $V_O = 6$, $N_O = 4$, $B_O = 4$, $FC_O=6 - 4-\frac{4}{2}=0$.

Step6: Determine the best structure

The best Lewis structure is the one with the lowest formal charges on all atoms. Option A has formal charges of 0 on both $N$ and $O$.

Answer:

A. $H_2NO$ structure with $:N$ single - bonded to $:O$ and two $H$ atoms bonded to $N$ and two lone pairs on $O$ and one lone pair on $N$