Question

carbohydrates are also known as saccharides. the word saccharide is a term derived from the greek word sakcharon, meaning sugar. though not all carbohydrates are sweet, many simple sugars, or monosaccharides, are sweet to the taste.
image of glucose structure
glucose
the model shows the chemical structure of a monosaccharide called glucose.
glucose has a 6-atom ring shape. this means it has 6 atoms arranged in a hexagon, and each of those 6 atoms bonds with other atoms. in glucose, the 6-atom ring is formed by one oxygen atom and 5 carbon atoms. but like in this model, people dont always label the carbon atoms.
what is the chemical formula of glucose?
c h o__

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the glucose structure

Looking at the glucose structure diagram: The ring has 5 carbon atoms (implied, as one is oxygen in the ring) plus the \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) group's carbon, so total \( C = 6 \). For hydrogen: Let's count the visible H and the implied ones. The \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) has 2 H, then the other H atoms: each -OH has 0 (except the H attached to C), the ring carbons: let's list the H atoms: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (2 H), then the H on the carbons: looking at the structure, the number of H atoms: each carbon (except the one in \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)) has some H. Wait, the standard glucose formula is \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \), but let's count from the diagram. The \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) has 2 H, then the -OH groups: there are 5 -OH? Wait no, the diagram shows: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \), then -OH, -OH, -OH, -OH, and the ring oxygen. Wait, let's count O: the ring has 1 O, and the -OH groups: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) has 1 O, then the other -OH: let's see the diagram: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (O), then -OH (O), -OH (O), -OH (O), -OH (O), and the ring O? Wait no, the ring has one O, and the -OH groups: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (1 O), then the other -OH: let's count the O atoms: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (1), ring O (1), then the -OH groups: looking at the diagram, there are 5 -OH? Wait no, the structure is a hexagon (6 - membered ring) with one O, five C, and then the \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (which is a C attached to the ring). Wait, the standard glucose formula is \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \). Let's count C: 6 (5 in ring + 1 in \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)). H: let's count the H atoms: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) has 2 H, then the H on the carbons: each C (except the one in \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)): let's see the diagram, the H atoms: \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) (2), then the H on the ring carbons: the diagram shows H, H, H, H, and the -OH groups have H? Wait no, -OH has H, but the C - H bonds: let's count all H: the \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) has 2 H (from \( \text{CH}_2 \)) and 1 H from -OH? No, \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) is \( \text{C} \) bonded to 2 H, 1 O, and 1 H (from -OH? Wait no, \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) is \( \text{C} \) with 2 H, 1 O, and the O is bonded to H, so that's 3 H for that C? Wait no, \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) is \( \text{C} \) connected to 2 H, 1 O, and the O is connected to H, so the H atoms from \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) are 2 (from \( \text{CH}_2 \)) + 1 (from -OH) = 3? Wait no, \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) is \( \text{C} \) with two H, one O, and the O has one H, so that's 3 H for that group. Then the other carbons: each of the five ring carbons (excluding the \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \) C) has some H. Let's look at the diagram: the ring carbons have H, H, H, H, and one with -OH. Wait, the standard glucose formula is \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \). So C = 6, H = 12, O = 6.

Step2: Confirm the formula

Glucose is a monosaccharide with the chemical formula \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \). So the number of C atoms is 6, H is 12, O is 6.

Answer:

C: 6, H: 12, O: 6 (So the chemical formula of glucose is \( \boldsymbol{\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6} \))